Name the year - Emphasis

Name the year Name the year Almost a month into the first year of the new decade and the time may have come to pick a side: is it twenty-ten or two thousand and ten? Most people seem to be automatically going with the latter, but they are wrong to do so, claims one American group. This is NAGG (the National Association of Good Grammar), a small group that may actually just be one bloke, a cat and a kettle (they dont even have their own website). Despite their size, they are reportedly very vocal on this subject. Theyre adamant it should be twenty ten and are, frankly, exceedingly put out that we spent the last ten years saying two thousand. Founder Tom Torriglia points out that we are not following the pattern of the twentieth century. Prince never sang, Tonight were going to party like its one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine, thats for sure.

Wait Listed Getting Creative Might Be the Answer

Wait Listed Getting Creative Might Be the Answer On April 15, 2010 the New York Times printed an Op-Ed entitled â€Å"The Wait List is the Hardest Part.†Ã‚   The editorial was written by Saffa Khan, a senior in high school who was waitlisted at four colleges. The content of the article was of course valuable, and 17-year-old Saffa gets points for making a Tom Petty reference.   But I’m not concerned with her content.   The thing that caught my attention is simply that a high school senior got published in the New York Times!   Saffa took huge initiative, worked hard to write a piece that would be of value, and put it out there to the world. If you were a college admissions committee, do you think you might take notice? This student stands out amongst all the others who just sit there, waiting, hoping, wondering.   She even stands out amongst the students who send additional essays, or letters about why X school is their first choice, or new letters of recommendation.   All those things might help you to get off the waitlist, but getting published in the New York Times takes the cake. Do you have something you can achieve that is truly out of the ordinary?   Can you get published in a national newspaper?   Win a poetry, science or chess contest or competition?   Self-publish a book?   Solve a problem that hasn’t been solved? If you’re serious about getting off the waitlist, my advice is to follow Saffa’s example – and stop waiting.

Strategic Management for Smirnoff Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Strategic Management for Smirnoff - Assignment Example Smirnoff is a brand of Vodka used in UK and is own and operated by British Company Diageo however, it has its roots in Moscow Russia. Smirnoff is now distributed in well over 130 countries with a network which is expanding and catering to the needs of different customers all over the world. Being an alcoholic drink, the overall external environment for this brand is relatively challenging considering the fact that many countries have banner alcoholic drinking. Issues like the underage selling, drunk driving and other strategic issues are considered as of significant importance. This is because these issues can actually affect the overall demand of the product. This report will look into the target market, value given by the company to its target market, a closer analysis of the internal as well as external environment including analysis of the industry as well as competition. This report will also look into the SWOT analysis of the firm to unearth strategic issues faced by the firm a nd what strategic options could be exercised to correct the situation. Company Background Smirnoff is a brand name managed by a British Company with the name of Diageo. It is however, important to note that Smirnoff as a brand has its historical roots in Russia when during 19th Century, Smirnoff as a vodka brand was started by Pytor Aresenievich Smrinoff. (Diageo Inc) Over the period of time, brand gained recognition and is now considered as the leading vodka brand in the world. What is also important to understand that Smirnoff was the only vodka available outside the communist countries after the Second World War? This therefore has given an edge to the brand to dominate the European and North American market and become the leading selling brand in the world. The company owning and operating this brand is also selling other brands which are also maintained as the strategic brands. These strategic brands therefore serve as the primary source of growth for the firm across all the ma rkets it operates. Some of the leading brands of Diageo include Johnnie Walker, Crown Royal, J&B etc. Smirnoff is also one of the strategic brands for the firm generating the required growth for the firm in the Spirit market.1 It is important to note that Smirnoff exists as a separate strategic business unit for the firm and it is sold through different channels. Delivery of the product through online market of the firm is also one of the ways firm manages sales for this brand. Target Market of the Company Diageo is considered as the premium drink company offering high worth brands to the individuals all over the world. As such the geographical distribution of the company’s target market is across the whole world with concentration in the European and North American market. It is critical to note that the drink market continuously evolve due to the market innovation and changing preferences of the customers. (ASIMOV, 2005). Though Diageo is a well diversified company with man y brands serving different niches in the drink market, however, Smirnoff caters to a different niche of the market. Though Vodka is famous for its uniqueness as a drink however, firm has been able to introduce new flavored drinks in order to cater to the needs of varying degree. The essential market for the drink comprises of those individual customers looking for ready to drink market with variety offered according to the Season of the year. This is because of

What finding meaning in life is for you Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What finding meaning in life is for you - Essay Example As we transition from childhood to adulthood, our experiences and mental capacities steer us in different directions. For example, in a school with 200 students who go through the same syllabus and share the same experiences, not all of them end up in similar careers. Some will find fulfillment in music, others will be inclined to pursue art, while some will end up settling in politics. In all the students, however, the common denominator is the fact that each of them sees their futures in different areas (Zimmerman 34). Individuals gravitate towards different things when seeking meaning in life, and this is what lead to fulfillment in different aspects. Meaning in life changes over time, but it can also be rigid. Again, this comes back to individual preferences and character. For example, at some point (e.g., in college) some people seek professional prosperity over other issues. However, once they attained this they start leaning towards other interests that they think are just as important in life. For example, a senior student in college may think, for a long time that getting a good job is the essence of life (Zimmerman 49). However, after building a successful career, the student may discover that having a family is the most important thing in life. As such, the career becomes secondary to family life. Other individuals may discover a newfound passion for business and community service, and then consider this to be the basis for their lives, relegating previous meanings to minor roles. The essence of a human being is to understand oneself and becoming self-actualized. This is part of finding meaning in life and that is what separates humans from animals. Human beings need to become aware of their surroundings, their priorities, and their trajectories (Zimmerman 83). In general, people who can be classified as having no meaning in life are often less

When Socrates meets Confucius Essay Example for Free

When Socrates meets Confucius Essay When Confucius met Socrates It is world-renowned that Confucius and Socrates are the top-ranking philosophers. They are both authorities in their own field of their countries. Nevertheless, there have been some arguments about the conflicts between the Chinese culture and Western thoughts. Speaking of the differences between the Chinese and the west, there must be some reasons for it. Initially, in my book, the conflicts stem from the different history. We all know that European civilization consists of immigration culture, that is to say, Europe is a mixture of people around the world and diverse customs. Wildness is their nature. Another factor I reckon attributing to the differences is the different life styles they lead. For instance, it is plain to see that people in Europe often go traveling or camping with their family, even if they have to loan. Hence, enjoying the present may be their first choice. Chinese, on the contrary, can work diligently first in order to make enough money and enjoy their life. See, here’s the difference. So, what should be our attitudes towards the conflicts? From my perspective, we can learn part of the western culture. Cuz we know that the world is becoming increasingly globalizing, so, we need to prosper our culture to catch up with the western culture. Meanwhile, we ought to spread our culture to the world. Since we have splendid culture, we are obliged to make it known to others. No matter whether it is Confucius or Socrates, what we need to do is to treat them objectively and equally. And that’s my opinions about the topic. Thanks.

How to Write a Synthesis Essay :: Synthesis Essay

What is a synthesis essay? A synthesis essay draws on two or more sources and combines their ideas into a coherent whole. What do I need to write one? Writing a successful synthesis essay will require you to do four things: read accurately and objectively, see relations among different viewpoints, define a thesis based on these relations, support the thesis effectively. You will not discuss all the points in every essay; but you should use every essay assigned, and you should use points from each that are appropriate for the thesis of your own essay. How do I write it? A synthesis essay may be developed in several ways, including the following: Thesis supported by examples. Develop a thesis based on common points among the works, and Support the thesis with appropriate examples from each work. This strategy works well with essays that approach a subject from highly diverse viewpoints. Comparison and contrast. Discuss the similarities and differences in the writers' viewpoints and draw whatever conclusions are possible from your comparison. Argument. If you have a clearly defined opinion about the subject, support that opinion by incorporating the valid viewpoints of the writers of the essays you have selected, and show the weaknesses of those ideas which you feel are not valid. What steps should I take in writing this essay? Consider using the following procedure for writing your essay: 1. Read carefully. First, skimming through the readings and look for similar issues in each essay. Reflect on those issues, and jot down your ideas. Reread and decide on one topic that will unify your essay. Note each essay's thesis and main points. Finally, take notes. 2. Next, determine your thesis. A thesis is a direct statement of a main issue or idea that you have developed from studying the essays. If you are writing a comparison/contrast essay, your thesis may explain the main points of agreement and disagreement among the writers you are dealing with. If you are writing a thesis-with-examples essay, your thesis may state the main idea you have developed from your readings, which will be supported with examples from the readings in the body of your essay. If you are writing an argument, your thesis will state your opinion about the subject and will indicate that you will be supporting your views through an analysis of the essays. 3. Then, organize your essay with your thesis in mind. The type of organization you use depends on your thesis, but in general you should be able to use either block-by-block or point-by-point organization with any of the essay types.

My favourite film: Avatar Essay

My favourite movie is Avatar which premiered in 2009. I went to see the film to the cinema as I heard earlier that it is very spectacular and it must be watched in the pictures. What’s more it is a 3D movie and we needed 3D glasses to experience all the special effects it contained. Avatar is a science fiction film written and directed by James Cameron. The film is set in 2154, when humans are mining a precious mineral called unobtanium on Pandora which is a moon. The expansion of the mining colony threatens the existence of a local tribe of Na’vi—a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora. The film’s title refers to the hybrid bodies used by a team of human researchers to interact with the natives of Pandora. The film broke several box office records during its release and became the highest-grossing film of all time in the U.S. and Canada and also worldwide. Avatar was nominated for nine Academy Awards. The main character of the film is Jake Sully, a former Marine. When his brother is killed in a robbery, he decides to take his place in a mission on the distant world of Pandora. There he learns of greedy figurehead Parker Selfridge’s intentions in which he wants to drive off the native â€Å"Na’vis† in order to mine for the precious material which can be found in their rich woodland. While Jake begins to bond with the native tribe and quickly falls in love with the beautiful alien Neytiri. Selfridge moves forward with his extermination tactics and he forces the soldier to take a stand – and fight back in an epic battle for the fate of Pandora.

Failure Analysis Change Strategy Essay

Team â€Å"A† reveals the circumstances regarding the failure analysis of an hotelier and how a CEO leads an organizational change processes to prevent an impending failure of the company. To counterbalance the hotelier business failure analysis, the team discusses the success analysis of Apple Inc. The team identifies each organization’s mission and vision statements with a behavioral theory explanation discussing the success and failure indicators. Research focuses on which specific organizational behavior theories could possibly explain the company’s failure or success, bureaucrat’s roles, and organizational structure and culture. Leading organizational change identifies the most vital areas for change, potential barriers in the changing process, addressing political and power issues, and steps implementing the organizational using the John Kotter’s 8-step plan. Business Failure Analysis Apple’s Mission statement Apple does not clearly define a mission statement. According to Farfan (2014), â€Å"Apple ends their press releases with a statement that resembles what a traditional mission states is expected to be†¦Apple commits to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings† (The Mission Statement, Global Vision, and Values of Apple, Inc.). Vision. Tim Cook, current CEO of Apple, does not have a simple vision for the company. During a 2009 interview, Cook mentions several values behind the company leading the vision Cook expects; â€Å"We believe that we are on the face of the earth to make great products and that’s not changing, we are constantly focusing on innovating and we believe in the simple, not the complex† (Hull 2012, para. 5). Apple’s Success. Apple’s approach to success bases itself on a  redesign by t he former CEO in 1997, Steve Jobs. Jobs partners with several organizations such as Microsoft and CompUSA forming a strategic alliance with Apple products. According to Finkle and Mallin (2010), Steve Jobs states â€Å"the reason why his companies have become so successful is because they hire the very best people in the world to work for them; his business savvy, negotiation skills, and propensity to take risks enable him to transform technology into companies that flourish† (p. 38). Apple’s leadership style is a major contribution in the company’s success. Charismatic, inspiring, flexible, receptive and free spirit describe former CEO Steve Job’s; constantly challenging employees and influencing a team environment where individuals can voice ideas (Toma and Marinescu, 2013). Apple’s Successful Behavioral Theories. Two behavioral theories contributing to Apple’s success during Steve Jobs tenure are the top-down creative process and situational â€Å"Zen like† transformational leadership style Job’s runs the organization with. Eliminating layers of bureaucracy enables Apple to conf orm in a transitioning global market possessing pioneering the technology into new markets. Top-Down Management. During Steve Jobs tenure at Apple, the company incorporates a strong top-down creative process eliminating bureaucracy. This enables information to go directly to Jobs and then filters to sub-teams as specific assignments for completion (Robbins & Judge, 2013, p. 506). This process eliminates a top-heavy culture of management increasing product to market response time. â€Å"Organizational behavior theories mirror the subject matter with which they deal, and people are complex and complicated† (Yukl, 2013, p. 15). Situational Leadership. Jobs address the market with a leadership style conforming to market demands. Eliminating a traditional culture of managers within Apple enables Jobs to manage Apple directly and effectively on a global scale. The situational leadership style works for Job’s as the passion toward the company, consumers, and operations are thought of on a global scale. on a cross functional global scale enables the company to adapt to needs and demands o n a global scale. Apple’s Organizational Leadership. Apple’s role of leadership during the Steve Jobs era concentrates on simplification; taking responsibilities end to end; when behind, leapfrog; put products before profit; don’t be a slave to focus  groups; bend reality; impute; push before perfection; know both the big picture and the details; tolerate only â€Å"A† players; engage face to face; combine the humanities with the sciences; and stay hungry and foolish† (Isaccson, 2012). Management. Apple’s managers posses extensive knowledge about the services and products competitors are providing for the market. This ability enables the organization to formulate new ideas raising the bar for their competitors; Apple takes innovation to a new level. Managers and leadership both seek new ideas taking technology into completely new areas. This in conjunction with a completely lean management approach contributes to extraordinary productivity at Apple (Sullivan, 2011). Organizational Structure. Apple’s organizational structure is simple. â€Å"There are no committees at Apple, general management is frowned upon, and only one person, the chief financial officer, has a responsibility for costs and expenses that lead to profits and losses† (Lashinsky, 2011). Culture. The culture at Apple is very informal and demanding from employees. Rather than a work/life balance many organizations proudly emphasize, Apple makes it clear throughout the organization that it seeks committing, extremely hard-working individuals. An example here on the company website proudly states: â€Å"This isn’t your cushy corporate nine to fiver† (Apple, 2014). This reinforcement repeats itself throughout the website instilling a demand for a culture to share an obsession getting every last detail right. â€Å"Leave your neckties, bring your ideas† (Apple, 2014). Innkeepers USA Trust Objectives and Mission Since its bankruptcy and other acquisitions, Innkeepers USA Trust objectives and mission possess no clear definition. Innkeepers USA Trust was widely known as one of leading owners of extended-stay and upscale hotel properties across the United States. In reference to O a real estate investment trust (REIT), Innkeepers USA Trust owns interest in several hotels in many states. The organization’s focal point at one time is to acquire, develop, rebrand, and reposition hotel properties. This organization’s general purpose, prior to failing, is to acquire and develop real estate investments increasing shareholder profit. Behavior theory predicting Innkeepers, USA Failure The company’s failures are a result of cutbacks on both business and consumer levels. With decreasing travel, increasing fuel costs, rising energy expense, an abundance of new hotels entering the market, and over $1 billion in debt, Innkeepers USA was forced to file bankruptcy (McCarty & Kary, 2010). Preventing the failure of Innkeepers USA Let’s look at some of the vital areas needing change at Innkeepers USA. â€Å"As property values fall and business dry up during the recession, Innkeeper USA cannot meet financial obligations paying down loans (Aquino, 2011). The organization must restructure and work its way out of bankruptcy. Evolving technology, world cultures, and property employee support need attention in order for the company to be successful. Through the use of evolving technology, the company creates the Hilton performance Advantage system. This system includes a global online service for customers and property owners. Specific customer service sites address every company location throughout the world and staff with employees who are fluent in their native languages. A global e-commerce team and revenue management consolidation center allows property managers to seek guidance from staff specializing in specified sales management and revenue topics. These teams assist with research, strategies, and ma nagement needs for individual property owners. Barriers to Change Technology education is one of the largest challenges. The organization organizational strategies to grow the company back to a profitability and sustainability state. As a result of the recession, most organizations decrease and terminate employee travel to minimize expenses. As a result, opportunities for online growth increase reaching customers on a global scale. Cultural issues need attention. Employees fluent in many languages are made available to assist customers in these cultures improving customer care. Each individual property needs evaluations to assess the needs of the demographics; properties cannot be cookie cutter designs. Employee support services create a cultural balance in the company. Educational support is on line; anytime, anywhere a company employee can receive the guidance they seek without waiting. This results from the installation of newer technologies. Power and Political Issues As Innkeepers USA Trust struggles with decreasing room revenue, debt burdens, and liquidity constraints, the real estate investment trust finds itself with power and political issues. Two perspectives of power issues in this organization are the finite and infinite perspective of power. The finite perspective of power is the competitive spirit of an organization that spurs productivity and focuses on winning. Through its competition and power perspective, the organization will ultimately diminish returns; in which Innkeepers USA Trust finds itself in this power struggle by oversupplying new hotels while room revenues are stagnate. Understanding Innkeepers USA Trust power and political struggles, issues require the infinite perspective of power and expert power. An infinite perspective of power seeks to understand that winning or losing is not the main issue. The purpose of an infinite power is to sustain. To sustain Innkeepers USA Trust, Learning Team A suggests acorporate strategy a pproach basing this on skill and knowledge. An example is Apple’s previous CEO, Steve Jobs. Job’s possess expert power. Job’s first hand involvement with many of Apple’s innovations creates a dependency the company relies on propelling innovation. According to Robbins & Judge (2013), expert power is one of the most effective bases of power to influence a company and is positively related to employee’s satisfaction (p. 416). Implementing Change To successfully implement change within Innkeepers USA Trust, Learning Team A suggests following Dr. John Kotter’s eight-step process. According to Kotter’s process, a majority of organizations fail because they do not take a holistic approach that is required to see the change (Robbins & Judge, 2013, p.586). The team will establish a sense of urgency creating a compelling reason as to the change, form a powerful coalition leading change, create a new vision to direct change, plan for, create, and reward short term wins that move the organization toward the new vision, reinforce the change by demonstrating the relationships between new behaviors and organizational success (Robbins & Judge, 2013, p.586). Conclusion In conclusion, there are many factors in consideration when developing and maintaining a successful organization. It’s important to develop a strategy to meet organizational goals. Looking at the success and failures of existing organizations is an invaluable strategy in developing and maintaining organizational victory. Team â€Å"A† reveals the circumstances regarding the failure analysis of an hotelier and how a CEO leads an organizational change processes to prevent an impending failure of the company, which specific organizational behavior theories could possibly explain the company’s failure or success, and the organizational change identifying the most vital areas for change with recommendations from John Kotter’s 8-step plan. References Aquino, J. (2011).15 Companies that died in the past year: Business Insider, Retrieved June 24, 2014, from http://www.businessinsider.com/15-companies-that-tanked-2011-3?op=1#ixzz35z4L2CQt Farfan, B. (2014). Apple Inc. mission statement is not very innovative and barely a mission at all. Retrieved from http://retailindustry.about.com/od/retailbestpractices/ig/Company-Mission-Statements/Apple-Inc–Mission-Statement.htm Finkle, T. A., & Mallin, M. L. (2010). Steve Jobss and Apple Inc. Journal of the International Academy of Case Studies, 16(7), 31-40. Hull, P. (2012). Be visionary. Think big. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickhull/2012/12/19/be-visionary-think-big/ Issacson. W. (2012). The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobss. Retrieved from: hrb.org/2012/04/the-real-leadership-lessons-of-steve-Jobss/-The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobss – Harvard Business Review Lashinsky. A. (2011). How Apple Works: Inside the world’s biggest startup. Retrieved from: fortune.com/201/08/25/how-apple-works-inside-the-worlds-biggest-startup-2/-How Apple works: Inside the world’s biggest startup McCarty. D. & Kary. T. (2010). Apollo Investment’s Inkeepers USA Trust Files for Bankruptcy in New York. Retrieved June 29, 2014 from: www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-19/inkeepers-usa-apollo-investment-unit-files-for-bankruptcy-in-new-york.html Robbins, S. R. & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational behavior (15th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Sullivan. J. (2011). Talent Management Lessons from Apple: A Case Study of the world’s most valuable firm. Retrieved from: www.ere.net/2011/09/12/talent-management-lessons-from-apple-a-case-study-of-the-worlds-most-valuable-firm-part-1-of-3/ Toma, S., Ph D., & Marinescu, P., Ph D. (2013). Steve Jobss and modern leadership. Manager, (17), 260-269. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1518528902?accountid=35812 Worlds most admired companies. (2011). Retrieved from http://fortune.com/worlds-most-admired-companies/apple-1/ Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson /Prentice Hall. Retrieved from: https://newclassroom3.phoenix.edu/Classroom/#/om3.phoenix.edu/Classroom/#/contextid/ (LDR/531)/ context / cdg/ view/activityDetails/activity/270c6ef7-2f01-4c47-8c71-5ba7a9d19509/ expanded/False

Catseyes are road studs Essays

Catseyes are road studs Essays Catseyes are road studs Essay Catseyes are road studs Essay Catseyes are route he-mans that contain retroreflectors : optical devices that reflect light beams back along a way analogue to that of the incident ray. ( BBC h2g2 2004 ) Percy Shaw foremost invented cats-eye reflectors in 1934, after he had been driving on a twist route at dark and had been saved from driving off the border by cat s eyes reflecting his headlamps back to him. Percy Shaw so set about contriving a device to mime the consequence that this cat s eyes had had on his headlamps. Originally it was two marbles in a metal shell that he intended to be put at regular intervals along the center and border of severely illuminated roads. The thought was so successful that it is now hard to come across a major route in the United Kingdom that does non hold cats-eyes on it. Percy Shaw s original design has evolved slightly since its construct in 1934, for illustration plastic is used alternatively of metal for the shell, which though cheaper to fabricate is besides much less lastin g and more likely to interrupt. One of the most recent updates is the inclusion of blue LED visible radiations, which are really low power but bright, alternatively of being brooding surfaces. These are still in the test phases and have non been proven to work every bit efficaciously as the older designs yet. Cat s eyes were a radical merchandise that made a immense impact on the safety of both British, and worldwide, roads. But the procedure of conveying them to market successfully took Percy Shaw over 10 old ages. The initial development of catseyes was a long and drawn out procedure because catseyes was an wholly new construct and so had no relation to any earlier merchandises. It was a trade name new invention ; Shaw was taking a way the no 1 had antecedently attempted. The initial innovation was a dramatis personae Fe shoe with a gum elastic lodging for the reflectors. In my sentiment The mastermind of this design is the manner that Shaw made them self-cleaning. The catseyes were designed to keep rainwater and the gum elastic lodging was retractable. There was a lip merely below the top of the molding so that when a auto drove over it the lodging would abjure into the molding traveling past the lip, which in-turn would supercharge the rainwater, and spray upwards onto the reflectors cleaning them. This invention meant that the catseyes were efficaciously self-sufficing. I feel that this is one ground why when the British authorities adopted them they were so successful and why Shaw was able to take them worldwide. They provide a low cost, low care manner to better safety on roads, which in some development states where there may be many severely illuminated roads, is a benefit as the costs of implementing them are far less than those of street lamps. When they were foremost innovated Shaw was the lone maker of catseyes, necessarily this would non remain the instance for long as people became cognizant of his innovation and attempted to make similar versions. This was proven when, In 1937, the UK s Ministry of Transport ran a competition to place the best route reflector. After two old ages, there was merely one smuggler left in the race ( Shaw s innovation ) ; the others had either broken or were no longer reflecting. ( BBC h2g2 2004 ) This shows the mastermind of Shaw s design as no 1 could fit it. I feel that this was a immense measure, for Shaw, towards establishing catseyes decently. By this clip they had been proven to the authorities nevertheless they still showed important opposition to following the catseyes as they were merely mandated them 10 old ages subsequently. Percy Shaw set up the company Reflecting Road he-man LTD in 1935 before the authorities authorization had been approved. After a mass blackout during the Second World War, ten old ages subsequently, merely so did the authorities authorization Shaw s innovation ( Anon. , 2009 ) . I believe that this was the instance because although Shaw s construct was a good thought, s it was a construct that needed authorities backup in order to work and this was ever traveling to be hard to acquire because it was such a extremist new innovation. Even though Shaw s catseyes had been tried and tested in 1937 ( BBC h2g2, 2004 ) there was non important adequate demand for them to do it economically feasible. In a manner the Second World War was fortunate for Percy Shaw as it highlighted to the British Government that without any visible radiations on the route drive became highly risky to all. There is ever the statement that with headlamps catseyes should be wholly unneeded on roads. The ground being that the white lines in the Centre of roads provide some contemplation from headlamps and if drivers are driving with due attention and attending it should nt be necessary. In my sentiment this is non a strong statement as if another blackout occurred catseyes would be the lone manner for drivers to drive safely. It seems to me from researching catseyes that Percy Shaw did nt hold a launch scheme for his innovation. He merely expected to do it and so seek and sell it to the Government, who already had a scheme for safe night-time drive, street visible radiations. I believe that if the blackout in the Second World War had non happened catseyes would non hold been adopted in 1947 ( anon. , 2009 ) and they may even non be in usage today as it was possible Shaw could hold lost the thrust to maintain seeking after over 10 old ages. This I believe shows how luck is frequently a big factor in entrepreneurship, but besides that nevertheless good the innovation is without the right launch platform it may neer take off. You need to be in the right topographic point at the right clip, fortuitously for Shaw he had 10 old ages of fabrication and innovating of his original design so he was able to stave off any possible competition. The chief job nevertheless for Shaw was that his merchandise was a distinc t alteration, a wholly new innovation, alternatively of being a gradual alteration, which is adding to already exists. ( Joseph Schumpeter, day of the month Unknown ) Efficaciously this amounted to it being a really riotous invention. It was a clear interruption from the bing engineering that was in topographic point, and as there was no old informations on effectual usage or safety or even dependability of catseyes. It seemed a immense hazard for the Government to follow. Freeman ( 1984 ) states that stakeholders are anyone who affects or are affected by a house making its ends. Percy Shaw s house making its ends affected the full population of the state. By eventually holding his merchandise adopted on a nationwide graduated table in 1947 it made the populatin was affected by driving going safer, catseyes were used on severely illuminated roads, a good as in concurrence with roads that had street lamps. It is non merely the general populace that has benefited from the acceptance of catseyes which has meant tonss of re-surfacing of roads, as the reflectors have to be built in, which has in bend provided concern for the primary and secondary industries that are associated with route edifice and care. Environmentally there has besides been an impact as I feel that catseyes cut down the immediate physiological reaction to set power devouring street lamps to light roads, particularly when they may non be major main roads. Catseyes give the authorities an alternate environmentally friendly option. Percy Shaw overcame many obstructions when developing catseyes and I believe that the design of them was one of the biggest obstructions he had to get the better of. He had to develop something that would be little plenty so as to non interrupt autos on the route but besides strong plenty to be driven over and battered on a day-to-day, if non hourly footing. The success of Shaw s innovation is particularly seen in the fact that Shaw was bring forthing one million catseyes a twelvemonth the extremum of the Shaw s concern ( James Ashton, 2009 ) . In recent times the catseyes have started to be developed more and more by different companies. Shaw s original design as I have antecedently stated went through some considerable alterations, for illustration utilizing fictile alternatively of metal for the shell and plastic alternatively of gum elastic for the lodging of the reflectors. What is more there are now other houses bring forthing more and more attractive devices for the authoritie s, as a replacing for catseyes such as Clearview s Solar Lite route he-man, which Instead of reflecting visible radiation, the he-mans are charged by the Sun s beams during the twenty-four hours and release visible radiation during the night. ( James Ashton, 2009 ) Percy Shaw created an wholly new industry from his one innovation that is still turning today as we try to happen replacings for street lamps and other power devouring route safety equipment in an effort to command our C emanations. Whilst, nevertheless, Shaw s innovation was superb, he was merely able to sell it in important Numberss when there became a despairing demand for it. I feel that if he had had fiscal angels and had set up a larger substructure for his innovation earlier so this advanced innovation may hold evolved even further by now. This is a really of import lesson for other enterprisers to larn, it highlights the fact that even though they may hold a good thought, they need to hold sufficient resources and substructure in order to hold a opportunity of being successful. These yearss there are so many enterprisers out at that place that you can non wait for fortune to establish your invention. Refrences BBC h2g2 2004. Catseyes [ Online ] ( Created 14 December 2004 ) Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A3320939 Accessed 20 November 2009 ( Anon 2009 ) BBC News 2009 Five British heroes overlooked by history [ Online } Updated 17 November 2009 Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8364465.stm ( Accessed 24 November 2009 ) James Ashton 2009 Turn off the street visible radiations, these solar-powered cat s eyes radiance, Times Online [ Internet ] 9 August 2009 Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/article6788584.ece Freeman, R. ( 1984 ) Strategic Management: A Stake-holder Approach. Boston: Pitman.

How to Use Functions and Procedures in Delphi

How to Use Functions and Procedures in Delphi Have you ever found yourself writing the same code over and over to perform some common task within event handlers? Yes! Its time for you to learn about programs within a program. Lets call those mini-programs subroutines. Intro to subroutines Subroutines are an important part of any programming language, and ​Delphi is no exception. In Delphi, there are generally two types of subroutines: a ​function and a procedure. The usual difference between a function and a procedure is that a function can return a value, and a procedure generally will not do so. A function is normally called as a part of an expression. Take a look at the following examples: procedure SayHello(const sWhat:string) ; begin ShowMessage(Hello sWhat) ; end; function YearsOld(const BirthYear:integer): integer; var Year, Month, Day : Word; begin DecodeDate(Date, Year, Month, Day) ; Result : Year - BirthYear; end; Once subroutines have been defined, we can call them one or more times: procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject) ; begin SayHello(Delphi User) ; end; procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject) ; begin SayHello(Zarko Gajic) ; ShowMessage(You are IntToStr(YearsOld(1973)) years old!) ; end; Functions and Procedures As we can see, both functions and procedures act like mini-programs. In particular, they can have their own type, constants and variable declarations inside them. Take a closer look at a (miscellaneous) SomeCalc function: function SomeCalc (const sStr: string; const iYear, iMonth: integer; var iDay:integer): boolean; begin ... end; Every procedure or function begins with a header that identifies the procedure or function and lists the parameters the routine uses if any. The parameters are listed in parentheses. Each parameter has an identifying name and usually has a type. A semicolon separates parameters in a parameter list from one another. sStr, iYear, and iMonth are called constant parameters. Constant parameters cannot be changed by the function (or procedure). The iDay is passed as a var parameter, and we can make changes to it, inside the subroutine. Functions, since they return values, must have a return type declared at the end of the header. The return value of a function is given by the (final) assignment to its name. Since every function implicitly has a local variable Result of the same type as the functions return value, assigning to Result has the same effect as assigning to the name of the function. Positioning and Calling Subroutines Subroutines are always placed in the implementation section of the unit. Such subroutines can be called (used) by an event handler or subroutine in the same unit that is defined after it. Note: the uses clause of a unit tells you which units it can call. If we want a specific subroutine in a Unit1 to be usable by the event handlers or subroutines in another unit (say Unit2), we have to: Add Unit1 to the uses clause of Unit2Place a copy of the header of the subroutine in the interface section of the Unit1. This means that subroutines whose headers are given in the interface section are global in scope. When we call a function (or a procedure) inside its own unit, we use its name with whatever parameters are needed. On another hand, if we call a global subroutine (defined in some other unit, e.g. MyUnit) we use the name of the unit followed by a period. ... //SayHello procedure is defined inside this unit SayHello(Delphi User) ; //YearsOld function is defined inside MyUnit unit Dummy : MyUnit.YearsOld(1973) ; ... Note: functions or procedures can have their own subroutines​ embedded inside them. An embedded subroutine is local to the container subroutine and cannot be used by other parts of the program. Something like: procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject) ; function IsSmall(const sStr:string):boolean; begin //IsSmall returns True if sStr is in lowercase, False otherwise Result:LowerCase(sStr)sStr; end; begin //IsSmall can only be uses inside Button1 OnClick event if IsSmall(Edit1.Text) then ShowMessage(All small caps in Edit1.Text) else ShowMessage(Not all small caps in Edit1.Text) ; end;

Reviews and Evaluations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reviews and Evaluations - Essay Example cause of justice, the impact that the verdict will have on the safety of the society, the past record of the defendant and the extent to which the defendant poses a threat to the society. The first and foremost premise regarding the extension of death penalty in case of the insane murderers is that the term ‘insane’ is very broad and fluid in its scope and interpretation. To a great extent it would be right to claim that taking the life of a fellow human being or human beings in most cases is in a way an act of insanity. Perhaps, every murderer commits a murder in a very imbalanced and gruesome state of mind. So if one agrees with the logic that insane murderers should be pardoned, then there is no denying the fact that almost every murderer will seek pardon on the grounds of insanity or committing a murder in a state of mental imbalance. Convicts will resort to citing reasons like migraine, depression, rage, eating disorders, addictions, phobias, inability to manage anger, etc as an excuse for getting away with their crimes, as all these ailments qualify to be classified as forms of mental instability. This will give way to a wrong precedence in the soc iety and will exponentially dilute the deterrent effect of the justice system. The other big reason for supporting the death penalty in case of mentally ill murderers is that the justice is not driven by insubstantial emotions and allocates a definite punishment for all sorts of crimes. Claiming immunity by a murder convict on the grounds of insanity is irrational in the sense that in such cases the accused tends to exploit one’s mental illness as an excuse for the crime one committed. Insanity could definitely serve as an explanation for committing a crime. However, the absurdity of allowing an explanation to turn into an excuse for letting a murderer goes scot free trivializes the claims of justice and mocks the plight of innocent people murdered by that person, not to mention the agony of their family and