Geographic context, political and economic attributes and identify and Research Paper

Geographic setting, political and financial qualities and recognize and analyze the powers that guide Australia into the worldwide ec - Research Paper Example The greater part of the work in the nation happens in the capital urban areas of the states. Besides, the Australian Securities Exchange is positioned ninth on the planet and it goes about as the home of the biggest ware organizations on the planet, for example, Commonwealth Bank, Westpac Telstra and BHP Billiton. The nation is likewise an individual from WTO, G20, APEC and OECD. Likewise, globalization has permitted the nation to go into organized commerce concurrences with nations, for example, Thailand, US, Chile, New Zealand and ASEAN (Lowtax). Consequently, the advances that have been seen in the worldwide economy have added to improved expectations for everyday comforts and destitution decrease. Besides, the monetary incorporation among nations has assumed an imperative job as far as boosting the success of countries. For instance, the advances that have been seen in the worldwide economy have permitted Australia to expand its household rivalry accordingly improving its financi al presentation essentially. Besides, Australia is serious globally since it is viewed as one of the biggest shipper of merchandise and ventures (Economy Watch). Hence, this paper will talk about the geological, financial and political traits that have permitted Australia to take an interest in the worldwide economy successfully. ... The nation has fluctuated climatic conditions, amazing untamed life, sea shores and fantastic scenes which fill in as traveler goal locales for individuals who visit from differing nations around the globe. It has a low level which are either deserts or semi-bone-dry territories. It additionally has a fruitful level in the south-east locale. Also, it has huge stores of minerals which administration the nearby and global markets. The mining business fills in as the fundamental main impetus of the economy (Beer). Consequently, the geological setting of Australia assumes an essential job regarding encouraging the investment of Australia in the worldwide economy. Political credits Though Australia seems, by all accounts, to be disengaged, it is a functioning member in world governmental issues. The political connections of Australia are for the most part preferred by its land area just as the needs that its sets concerning exchange and international strategies. For instance, Australia su pposedly is confronting difficulties sooner rather than later. For this situation, it is expected that the presentation of the worldwide economy may fall apart. Australia likewise assumes an imperative job by affecting on the patterns that are being acknowledged in the universal business condition. For instance, the international strategies in Australia sway on globalization and the exchanges that are completed universally (Red Apple Education Ltd). The need regions of Australia incorporate the US and Asia-Pacific nations, for example, China and Japan. Australia is connected with different nations politically as a result of the practicality of its universal arrangements, speculation understandings, outside undertakings, exchange understandings and guard settlements. Hence, it is apparent that Australia is a significant player concerning impacting the way where worldwide business exercises are

Organizational Behaviour for Productivity - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about theOrganizational Behaviourfor Productivity of the Employees. Answer: The postulation articulation of this article is efficiency of the representative can be expanded by applying the different inspiration strategies in the association. A companys achievement is subject to the inspiring workers. Probably the greatest worry of administrator should be made important commitments even in littler errand. Inspiration procedures can improve the efficiency of a worker suitably. There are two variables which ought to be considered by chief in propelling the representatives. These are feeds and impetuses. Feeds are considered as the inclination which makes worker spurred and cheerful. An impetus contains consolation to propel representatives with respect to finish the assignment. Productivity is the main consideration which has ability to bring the positive just as negative change (Csikszentmihalyi and Wong, 2014). Proficiency uncovers the level of achievement of development and the writing material condition of the association. Productivity can be expounded as the sending of the various factors, for example, work, various items and merchandise, material, hardware gear, vitality and capital property. The quality of the inspiration methods is work fulfillment, increment profitability, improve learning limit, and improve proficiency and progressively drew in with works and representative too. Occupation fulfillment is fundamental component for the workers to remain in an organization for quite a while. Inspiration methods help them to remain with organization for quite a while with work fulfillment. Administrator of the association can upgrade the proficiency of the worker by following inspiration strategies. Supervisor of the organization needs to discuss lavishly with their workers and put his time in them with higher commitment (Jorgensen, Bice, Unruh, Akehi, Crockett and McReynolds, 2017). By understanding that workers are first individuals for him, these will upgrade the superior of them. It keeps over the remarkable characteristics of the breadwinners and shows that in what way these characteristics and qualities can be utilized in the association in the method of development . Because of normal result of these attributes and characteristics, it makes condition out of rivalry to build up the government assistance of social and monetary of the people. The greatest accomplishment of director is to uncover the ability and quality of the workers to achieve the undertaking. Alongside that it has been talked about in this article administrator ought to be permissive once in a while with partners to make them agreeable. Inspiration procedures can be one through permitting workers to states their sentiments advertisement opportunities for sharing data. Director must be mindful towards his representative. Recognition is the factor which spurs worker productively and representative get energized towards achieve the assignment inside time period. Director of the association ought to be on his words and being understanding while at the same time acting with workers. It has been contended by Guclu and Guney, (2017), that the conduct of supervisor towards worker can b ring the effect of negative and positive in the association. Workers ought to be treated by person and director ought to be subject to worry about the mental need of breadwinner. Each coin has two angles which uncovers in the positive term and negative terms. This proposal proclamation has same idea and characterized that inspiration strategies use by director can have the positive effect just as negative. The shortcoming of this announcement can be made because of the conduct of the chief since supervisor of the association is at risk to comprehend the need of the worker and make them agreeable towards their work (Onoyase, 2017). The demeanor of the supervisor is significant component in the advancement of the association. Aside from that there can be another component is that unmotivated worker would not check out the achieving the assignment. Unmotivated representatives spread the bits of gossip to make the undesirable condition of working. It will bring the un-collaboration in the association and it will fabricate the showings and strikes issues for the administration. It has been expressed by Nuttin, (2014), that inspiration prizes might be the reason fo r de-inspiration since when worker don't get compensated, it would bring the circumstance of debilitated and upgrade the sentiment of avaricious to the individuals who are getting remunerated. Budgetary inspiration, for example, piece rate quality may endure as they are requesting to hustle. Non-monetary inspiration, for example, adaptability in the activity might be the explanation of after some time devouring to change between the jobs. It will expand the potential outcomes of group clashes and worry among breadwinners. For example, if director do spur representatives in power way to accomplish the objective as quickly as time permits by disregarding the mental need of representatives, it would convey the negative workplace and limit just as effectiveness of the workers will be diminished. Accomplishment inspiration has the idea of never-ending (Hanus and Fox, 2015). When a higher achiever satisfy the interest of the association inside time period, the over desire for the associat ion on him intensifies the circumstance of worry to him. Negative relations between the representatives will forestall the development of inspiration in among worker. It is necessitated that association should pay compensation or motivating forces according to the endeavors of the breadwinner. Because of low installment they will get disheartened and discover another chance to get more significant compensation which brings the circumstance of weakening. According to my perspective towards this postulation articulation, association conduct is needy upon the laborers of the association just as the administration. An inspiration method is the significant instrument to empower them enough. I have been examined that there are various techniques to improve the worker commitment and inspiration. It has been concentrated by Gallup that may of the workers relinquished their position because of occupation un-fulfillment and the inconsiderate conduct of their chief (Campos, Coricelli and Moretti, 2014). I have been proceeded with the report of Gallup which expressed correspondence, singular qualities and execution the board are basic parts to make worker commitment and increment profitability and proficiency of the representative. It has been suggested by the Gallup report that correspondence ought to be finished by administrator lavishly and cause them to feel that they are significant resource for the association and their essence is importa nt for it. Clearness with respect to strategic vision enhances the efficiency and lessen the dissatisfaction level of specialist towards playing out the undertaking. Director of the association should concentrate on quality of workers over shortcoming. A quality based culture persuades representative to become familiar with their jobs all the more quickly, develop more and extensively better work (Nurmi, Hagger, Haukkala, Arajo-Soares and Hankonen, 2016). I have proceeded with article and find that proficiency is the basic component for the development of the representatives and the use of the effectiveness is subject to the administrator. I accept undesirable and dangerously workplace crippled representatives and low their profound quality. A trough should be dynamic towards their workers and handle them according to reasonable treatment. There are such a large number of inspiration hypotheses, for example, Maslows pecking order needs, Hertzbergs help cleanliness hypothesis, object ive setting hypothesis support hypothesis thus a lot more which can be applied in association by supervisor to propel their workers productively. I do concur with proposals articulation since inspiration methods are basic for expanding the profitability of the workers effectively. There are such huge numbers of procedures of inspiration which may impact representative towards achieving the assignment inside time period. Alongside that procedures make them eagerness and bring work fulfillment in their work. I have been dissected that imaginative positive workplace, give motivators, set objectives, share benefit, conducts prize and acknowledgment, request representative information and expert advancement can be the piece of inspiration methods. Expanding inspiration at work environment will be useful to help profitability and group execution. An inspiration strategy encourages to diminish the reluctance to finish an undertaking (Richter, Raban and Rafaeli, 2015). My stake focuses in the kindness of this announcement can be given clearness, boost and propel a people as opposed to a group. In the help of my stake focuses, I suggested that explain of vision and mission ought to be important to inspire representatives. Boost program is basic for improving the effectiveness of the workers since it is the factor of inspiration which can satisfy the mental need of a representative in an alternate manner. It is simpler to achieve the accomplishment for the association when it can imagine It. Separately inspiration is significant for improving the earth since singular execution can build the presentation of group suitably. Adjusted motivating forces are just the best approach to ensure people in a group that they are moving in the direction of the objectives (De Grip and Sauermann, 2013). It has been inferred that inspiration procedures assume a fundamental job in the image of development of the association. Roused worker has the greater ability to achieve the assignment with excitement in examination of de-spurred representative. It enhances the sound condition and urges other worker to perform effectively. In this article, conversation has been made in the kindness of proposition articulation. Quality and shortcoming has been expounded in compact way which will be useful for additional examinations. I have been talked about my perspectives in regards to theory explanation alongside stake key focuses. I have been broke down that inspiration methods has such a significant number of sorts, there is have to distinguish the right procedure by director to propel representative in efficient way. Reference

E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Online business - Essay Example Clear correspondence channels and heightening grid ought to likewise be characterized. The center group must set up a strategy and time span to move existing information to the new framework. A last dispatch date ought to be clung to or changed relying upon venture progress. The administration group must give uncommon consideration to making sure about staff purchase in, so the new framework when propelled is grasped by the clients. In actualizing this methodology different authoritative, the executives and specialized issues should be tended to. This is talked about beneath. Hierarchical Issues In order that an extra security organization moves from a physical business to a computerized domain, vital administration is significant. The administration group may need to assess: Methodology to manage channel struggle Forestall disintegration of edges Evaluate sort of items reasonable for web dissemination Procedures to reinforce client connections and increase new clients on the web (Bloor Research). This involves immense interest in IT framework. The administration group should choose the installment technique for this venture. One alternative is to re-appropriate or share costs with a supplier while the other is to remove costs from existing tasks. For instance Allstate Insurance, a US based back up plan rebuilt its workforce to help a move towards a multi-channel deals methodology including the Internet, call focuses and specialists. It wiped out a huge number of non-specialist positions and changed over hostage operators into self employed entities. These progressions allegedly will spare the organization $600m. Allstate has additionally purportedly rearranged and merged a portion of its activities to spare costs (Insurance Journal). The extra security organization needs to choose the regions to... This exposition assesses the procedure for an extra security organization to change from a physical business to an e undertaking. The specialist centers around the conversation of the issue of changing over a life coverage organization to an e-undertaking, that requires tremendous fiscal venture, yet in addition interest in keeping the vitality and beat of the representatives high with the goal that venture execution is fruitful. In the event that e dispatch is fruitful, a few pieces of the conventional set up can be supplanted by increasingly current procedures. It will divert the insurance agency from a mammoth association to a lean firm. Decrease preparing time and control cost, e â€commerce and e †business arrangements hold extraordinary intrigue for an insurance agency. Josefowicz appropriately takes note of that a life coverage organization can â€Å"maintain a little gathering of e-business specialists to give direction, consistency and best practices on the five key territories of technique, instruction, ease of use, security and standardization†. The scientist expresses that this will enable the organization to decrease the danger of: re-creating the wheel for each new activity, supporting cross-reason activities, absence of preparing, which prompts absence of selection and client dissatisfaction, dissimilar interfaces, which builds preparing cost, and lessens reception, costly, superfluous mix of unique frameworks, absence of interoperability, costly and tedious post facto joining. The analyst then concluds that it's capability, clear course and eagerness, that can most likely make the undertaking a triumph.

End Justifies the Means

Does The End Justify The Means? In the first place, how about we attempt to comprehend the sense in which the word â€Å"justifies† is utilized in the recognizable explanation that â€Å"the end legitimizes the methods. † After that we can consider the difficult you raise about whether it is OK to utilize any methods †fortunate or unfortunate †insofar as the end is acceptable. At the point when we state that something is â€Å"justified,† we are just saying that it is correct. Subsequently, for instance, when we state that a school is defended in ousting an understudy who falls beneath a passing imprint, we are recognizing that the school has an option to set certain measures of execution and to require its understudies to meet them.Hence, the school is directly in removing the understudy who doesn't. In many social orders, executing an individual is viewed as an awful activity. Yet, what do you do when a nation pronounces war against you? The â€Å"en d† for this situation is the finish of the war. On the off chance that you don't do anything and adhere to your ethical grounds, you will be decimated, however the war will be finished. On the off chance that you wage war to shield yourself, you are damaging your ethical code for halting the war.. A venture can succeed just in the event that it has an objective. To accomplish that objective a powerful strategy ought to be adopted.The technique can be innocuous with no brutality in it. Or on the other hand it tends to be hard and coldblooded which requires a ton of brutality. In the two cases the objective is the equivalent. Just the technique for accomplishing it is unique. The axiom, a truly questionable one, implies that if the objective is acceptable the techniques received for accomplishing it don't make a difference. It tends to be positive or negative. The Florentine legislator, Machiavelli, in his book THE PRINCE pushed this precept. As indicated by him, it is reasonabl e to go to any degree for accomplishing a decent purpose. It might be important to utilize brutality sometimes.It will be hurtful to certain individuals. In any case, everything that could possibly be legitimized if the objective is acceptable. Some incredible Indian pioneers and masterminds like Gandhi have restricted this tenet. As indicated by them it isn't just important that objective ought to be acceptable yet the methods embraced for accomplishing it ought to likewise be acceptable. In certain nations governmentsâ resortâ to anything for smothering mobs. At the point when quiet demands and talk neglect to achieve the ideal outcome, they utilize sheer power to stifle such mobs. They contend that it is for the benefit of everyone of the ublic. Whatever be reality, the principle ‘the end legitimizes the means’ happens to be a dubious one which incites a lot of reasoning and debate. This expression, starting from Niccolo Machiavelli's book â€Å"The Prince†, is deciphered by some to mean doing anything at all that is required to get the outcome you need, paying little heed to the strategies utilized. It doesn't make a difference whether these techniques are legitimate or illicit, reasonable or foul, kind or barbarous, truth or lies, popularity based or tyrannical, great or evil.Some concur that the announcement is right; be that as it may, others don’t see it that way. . When a man arrives at commendable methods with shameful techniques, how does that vibe inside a human spirit? Since individuals have a Conscience, at whatever point they like it or not, individuals need to feel for others when they accomplish something terrible.. Another view, the advantages from something exceed the procedure accomplished. For instance on the off chance that someone restored malignancy, yet he/she needed to execute one disease patient to discover the cure.They would state that the way that they relieved malignant growth made the loss of one lif e to spare numerous justified, despite all the trouble. The other way would mean something like the procedure makes the result justified, despite all the trouble, which doesn't bode well. Then again, on the off chance that the end merits the cost, at that point it is fine to wipe out the nuisances. Be that as it may, the issues emerge when judging on the off chance that it is justified, despite all the trouble, and if the unfortunate may be of potential worth later. For instance, killing nuisances that are killers is defended in that it spares future lives.

Relationship Between Deviance and Mental Illness

Connection Between Deviance and Mental Illness Aberrance and psychological instability regularly go connected at the hip. While not all degenerates are viewed as intellectually sick, practically all intellectually sick people are viewed as freak (since psychological instability isn not thought about typical). When contemplating aberrance, at that point, sociologists additionally frequently study psychological sickness. The three primary hypothetical structures of human science respect psychological instability somewhat better, anyway they all look to the social frameworks wherein dysfunctional behavior is characterize, recognized, and treated. Functionalists accept that by perceiving psychological instability, society maintains values about accommodating conduct. Emblematic interactionists see intellectually sick people not as wiped out, however as casualties of cultural responses to their conduct. At long last, clash scholars, joined with marking scholars, accept that the individuals in a general public with the least assets are the well on the way to be named intellectually sick. For example, ladies, racial minorities, and the poor all endure higher paces of psychological instability than gatherings of higher social and monetary status. Further, inquire about has reliably indicated that center and high society people are bound to get some type of psychotherapy for their psychological instability. Minorities and less fortunate people are bound to just get prescription and physical restoration, and not psychotherapy. Sociologists have two potential clarifications for the connection between economic wellbeing and psychological maladjustment. In the first place, some state it is the worries of being in a low-salary gathering, being a racial minority, or being a lady in a chauvinist society that adds to higher paces of psychological sickness since this harsher social condition is a risk to emotional well-being. Then again, others contend that a similar conduct that is named intellectually sick for certain gatherings might be endured in different gatherings thus in this manner not marked all things considered. For example, if a vagrant were to show insane, â€Å"deranged† conduct, she would be viewed as intellectually sick while if a rich lady displayed a similar conduct, she may be viewed as just unusual or enchanting. Ladies additionally have higher paces of psychological instability than men. Sociologists accept that this stems from the jobs that ladies are compelled to play in the public eye. Neediness, troubled relationships, physical and sexual maltreatment, the worries of raising youngsters, and investing a ton of energy doing housework all add to higher paces of dysfunctional behavior for ladies. Giddens, A. (1991). Prologue to Sociology. New York, NY: W.W. Norton Company. Andersen, M.L. what's more, Taylor, H.F. (2009). Humanism: The Essentials. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Co-Occurring Panic Disorder and Depression

Co-Occurring Panic Disorder and Depression Panic Disorder Related Conditions Print Co-Occurring Panic Disorder and Depression By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 10, 2019 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Eri Tashiro / Getty Images People with anxiety-related conditions are often diagnosed with a co-occurring mood disorder. In particular, people with panic disorder are often at greater risk of developing clinical depression. Research has indicated that approximately half of those diagnosed with panic disorder will have at least one incidence of major depression in their lifetime. What Is Depression? Depression is not the same as occasionally feeling gloomy or disappointed. We all have times in our lives in which we feel down, such as after experiencing a loss or receiving bad news. Feeling blue about difficult life situations is not necessarily a sign of depression. It is necessary to seek out help if your feelings of sadness begin to negatively affect your overall functioning, such as interfering with your job, relationships, and other important areas of your life. Many times people with clinical depression are unable to identify what it is that is contributing to their depressed mood, but they are aware that it is a feeling that they cannot just snap out of. Depression is a diagnosable mental health disorder that is characterized by the following symptoms: A depressed mood most of the timeLoss of interest and satisfaction in activities previously enjoyedChange in appetite, often seen in weight gain or lossSleep disturbances, including insomnia and sleeping too muchPsychomotor changes, such as being noticeably restless or slowed downFrequent fatigue and loss of energyFeelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and excessive guiltLack of concentration, trouble thinking, and difficulty making decisionsRepeated thoughts of death or suicide According to the DSM-IV-TR, at least five of these symptoms must be present within a two-week period of time. One of these symptoms has to be a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure, in order to be formally diagnosed with major depression. These symptoms must also represent a change in the person’s typical behaviors as indicated by self-report or observations by others who know the person, such as friends, family, and coworkers. DSM-5 Updates on Depression Depression is a treatable condition that can be managed through the help of your doctor. The most common forms of treatment include medication, psychotherapy or a combination of both. Antidepressants are the most frequently prescribed medication to treat depression. Known for their mood-enhancing properties, antidepressants have also been established to treat and reduce symptoms of panic disorder. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Panic Disorder Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that has found to be effective in the treatment of depression and panic disorder. CBT works by altering one’s negative thoughts and behaviors to reduce depressive and anxious symptoms and to improve overall functioning. A combination of CBT and medication is the typical treatment option choice for panic disorder and depression. It is possible to have panic disorder and a co-morbid diagnosis of clinical depression. These treatment options can address both conditions. What to Do If You Experience Symptoms If you suspect you are suffering from depression, talk to your doctor right away about the signs, symptoms, and treatment options for depression. If you are still unsure whether or not you have depression, take this confidential screening test. Getting Help If you are experiencing thoughts of suicide, seek help immediately by calling 911 or a toll-free suicide prevention hotline that can provide 24-hour assistance. If you are in the U.S., call the National Suicide Prevention Hotline: (800) SUICIDE (800-784-2433) or the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: (800) 273-TALK (800-273-8255). The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Nurse Practitioner Role and Setting Nurse Practitioner - 1100 Words

Nurse Practitioner Role and Setting: The Definition of Nurse Practitioner, Advanced Nursing Practice Role, Clinical and Non-Clinical Role of Nurse Practitioner (Research Paper Sample) Content: Nurse Practitioner Role and SettingStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameInstitutionNurse Practitioner IntroductionThe health care system today is a complex and drastically changing mechanism with its typical peculiarities. It unites different specialists in order to make peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s life better, healthier, and longer. This paper will explore both the clinical and non-clinical roles of one of these specialists, the nurse practitioner. The research includes the strong theoretical background of the nurse practitionerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s profession. It also defines what the nurse practitioner profession is, outlines the role of a nurse practitioner (NP), and reveals the main obstacles that the NP must overcome to achieve success.The Definition of Nurse PractitionerA nurse practitioner is a nurse who has acquired specific knowledge and clinical experience, possesses impeccable decision-making skills, and performs activities according to the laws of the country in which he/she is credent ialed to operate (Naylor Kurtzman, 2010). The NPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s profession is often considered to bring the biggest number of misconceptions as people interpret it in a wrong way.Most people believe that a nurse practitioner is the same as a regular nurse, which is a completely false assumption. Pursuant to the aforementioned definition, it is quite clear that there is a striking difference between a nurse practitioner and a regular nurse. First of all, it is obvious that a nurse practitioner possesses higher education and accreditation to initiate the practices needed. In essence NPs obtain higher qualifications and skills as compared to regular nurses.Advanced Nursing Practice RoleThe nurse practitionerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s role defines itself as being clinical since it directly promotes the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s recovery after being under the influence of a disease. Another important aspect of the profession is that it plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of the patient. Nurse practiti oners in possession of the necessary education and extensive knowledge of healthcare standards and legal regulations, are capable of preventing the patient from being treated in a wrong way thus ensuring the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s safety. In addition, the nurse practitioners not only act right in order to ensure the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s recovery and safety but also prevent other medical workers from acting in a wrong or unethical manner. In this case, nurse practitioners can be perceived as effective and critical team leaders, sufficiently equipped and skilled in nursing practice, its competencies, and associated tasks (Iglehart, 2013).Clinical and Non-Clinical Role of Nurse PractitionerA nurse practitioner is under the category of advanced nursing practice. This means that their practice and standards are termed as some of the highest in the field of nursing. NPs play vital roles in the care of patients and make important contribution to the degree of patient care in clinical and non-c linical medical settings (Dalton, 2013). Nurse practitioners perform duties under the indirect supervision of physicians and apply their skills and expertise to consult on patient care.NPs diagnose chronic ailments, promote disease prevention, manage acute episodes, conduct health assessment and order and interpret diagnostic tests (Dalton, 2013). NPs are also concerned with making apt medical treatment referrals by working in partnership with a multidisciplinary team. Another clinical role involves implementing interventions to support the recovery process and facilitating patients transitioning between healthcare settings as well as offering patients and families with appropriate educational tools (Royal College of Nursing, 2012). NPs may also recommend prescription and other medications based on the State in which they provide their services. Some NPs also work independently in private practice, attending to patients and treating them accordingly.In the United States, medicine is a highly regulated field both at the local, state and nation wide level for NPs. Based on the guidelines of the American Nurse Association, NPs in all the states have powers to prescribe medication to patients. However, only 13 states allow NPs to prescribe medication independently without the supervision of a physician (Dalton, 2013). In this respect, nurse practitioners utilize advanced practice skills to: * Assess treat, and evaluate chronic and acute illness * Take healthcare histories and conduct physical tests * Establish patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s needs that require referral for more specialized care * Prescribe and administer medications * Conduct health screening and disease prevention services * Apply educations and counseling expertise to encourage healthy behaviorsThe Nurse Practitioner collaborates with other health professionals to promote and guide continuous quality improvement initiatives at the personal and organizational levels. In this capacity, they apply their skills and knowledge in negotiation, communication and coalition building, conflict resolution and change management to create a conducive environment for delivery of healthcare services (Dalton, 2013).Outside the clinical setting, a nurse practitioner identifies and gathers data on and assesses the outcomes of nursing practice for patients and health care systems. In addition, they also develop, evaluate, and utilize processes within the practice setting to see to it that patients receive coordinated health care services which establish client outcomes and contribute to knowledge development (Royal College of Nursing, 2012). Nurse practitioners also implement research based innovations to improve patient care at the personal and organizational level.In order to ensure the quality of healthcare practices, nurse practitioners engage in evidence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬informed practice by critically appraising and applying relevant research, theories, and best practice guidelines in offering health ser vices. Through collaboration with members in different healthcare settings, NPs identify research opportunities, conduc...

Essay about Enduring Self - 758 Words

Is there an enduring self? John Locke believed, the enduring self is defined by a person’s memory. With memory there is an enduring self, and without it there is no self at all. I believe there is an enduring self, but it is a little more complicated than that. Even if a person encounters a dramatic change to his/her life, they are still the same self, the same person. I believe memory is not the only factor that defines the self. Many things form this enduring self, and these things work together to form an identity, to form who you are now. These things are your memories, your experiences and your personality. You may change and grow over time as you are exposed to new experiences, but under it all you are still ....you. But is a†¦show more content†¦I am, essentially, the same person Ive always been (and my memories go back to age two ). Hopefully Ive honed the good points and dulled the bad points in the last few decades, but really ... at my core ... Im the same. I just dont think people, at their very core, change that dramatically. Someone who commits a heinous crime (intentionally, not accidentally) always has that innate potential to do it again, IMHO. At any age. Another way of looking at it is to think about cooking. Think of yourself as a base or main ingredient. The more ingriendients you add will affect the taste, consistency, color and even taste, but no matter how many other ingredients you add, the main ingredient is still ....you. Time for more on time. With this being said, there is something else Ive been curious about. It could argued that our common-sense notion of endurance through time is incorrect. That this mistaken self-conception lead us to experience the passage of time. If so, this would be illusory no? And if this enduring ‘me’ is an illusion then so is the passage of time. In other words, if the enduring ‘me’ is an illusion, then so is the passage of time. Ceasing to think of myself as an enduring subject should result in my ceasing to experience the passage of time no? Coming to think of myself as permanent should result in my coming to experience different temporal parts of myself at different moments, but no enduring self past which those moments can flow. Again,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of A Streetcar Named Desire 1702 Words   |  7 PagesPractice Essay: Emilia Kelly The two texts of Enduring Love and A Streetcar named Desire show privilege of one way of perceiving the world over the other in their conclusions. Ian McEwan’s Enduring Love, shows favour of Joe’s scientific and rational view but also demonstrates that it is flawed. Similarly, Tennessee Williams shows that realism in inevitable but is not always desirable in the play A Streetcar Names Desire. Both texts explore explore the responses of their protagonists of a crisisRead Moreian mcewan2782 Words   |  12 Pagespublished two volumes of short stories ‘’First Love,Last Rites’’(1975) and â€Å" In between the sheets†(1978) and seven novels: â€Å"The cement Garden†(1978),†The comfort of strangers†(1981),†The child in time†(1987), †The innocent†(1989),†Black dog†(1992),†Enduring love†(1997),†Amsterdam†(1998).   His next novel,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Atonement  Ã¢â‚¬Å"(2001), received considerable acclaim;  Time  magazine named it the best novel of 2002, and it was shortlisted for the Booker Prize. He wrote many other   long-form works over the yearsRead MoreCase Study : The Legend And Devil Of Ramadi 903 Words   |  4 Pages Chris reports rekindling a personal interest by taking a group of veterans to a shooting range. Medications There is no current evidence of use except for self-medicating through drugs. 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The long-lasting ef fects the war had on these veterans were not adequately treated; as many as 80 percent suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) still others turned to alcohol and drugs to self-medicate, at a much higher rate than in subsequent conflicts. Another instance of the US military losing public trust occurred during Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), soldiers were convicted of committing atrocities against the prisoners of war heldRead MoreThe Marine Corps For Eight And A Half Years1056 Words   |  5 Pagesan Infantryman. This job that I choose to become part of has brought me to many places. Most people join the Marine Corps to see the world, but I wanted to fight. I was afforded the opportunity to partake in Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom covering both theaters our nation is at war with. Throughout those years many things have begun to change. We are no longer actively engaged in armed conflict, and with that comes many changes with rules, regulations, and standards. Our countryRead MoreInvolvement And Motivation : An Important Tool For Defining The Behavior Of The Consumers Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pagesdefining the behaviour of the consumers. It plays a vital role in across all kinds of marketing strategies. In this essay, the term Involvement, Motivation and its relationship between those two factors and further consumer behaviour theories such as self, attitudes and ethics will be analysed. It will begin with the definition of Involvement and link with Motivation will be examined. Then, types of Involvement will be discussed. In addition, Involvement and various consumer behaviour theories willRead MoreWar, By Sebastian Junger1672 Words   |  7 Pagesand its effects, but also reveals the camaraderie between soldiers. â€Å"War† develops throughout a year in the Korengal Valley of eastern Afghanistan. The delightful, rough landscape is sharply chilly in winter and bursting hot in summer, the troops enduring in primitive conditions through long extends of pounding weariness punctuated by brief, nerve racking scenes of battle. Junger was right in the heart of the activity. Truth be told, he s so much a part of the contention that he s constrained asRead MoreSelf Control5185 Words   |  21 PagesI. What is self control? Self control  is the ability to control ones  emotions,  behaviour  and  desires. In  psychology  it is sometimes called  self-regulation. Exerting self-control through the  executive functions  in  decision making  is thought to  deplete a resource in the ego.[1]  Many things affect ones ability to exert self-control, but self-control particularly requires sufficient  glucose  levels in the brain. Exerting self-control depletes glucose. Research has found that reduced glucose, and poorRead MoreIdentity Nd Belonging Essay1987 Words   |  8 Pagescan belong to many which can create multiple identities for the individual, thus our sense of identity can never be constant. Belonging to a loving family, group of supportive friends and/or peers nurture us and help us to develop our own sense of self. However, the cost of belonging can be substantial. Families, for example, may have expectations of us that conflict with our own ambitions. Groups may demand unquestioning obedience and conformity. It is painful to be an outsider but there is often

Why Couldnt Kant Be A Utilitarian Essay - 3254 Words

Why Couldnt Kant Be A Utilitarian? ABSTRACT: In his essay Could Kant Have Been a Utilitarian?, R. M. Hare tries to show that Kants moral theory contains utilitarian elements and it can be properly asked if Kant could have been a utilitarian, though in fact he was not. I take seriously Hares challenge to the standard view because I find his reading on the whole reasonable enough to lead to a consistent interpretation of Kants moral philosophy. Still, I hardly believe that it is necessarily concluded from Hares reading that Kant could have been a utilitarian. In this paper, I will first show that Hares interpretation of treating a person as an end as treating a persons ends as our own is reasonable, and so is his reading of†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless I hardly believe that it is necessarily concluded from Hares reading that Kant could have been a utilitarian. This paper aims to show why Kant couldnt be a utilitarian despite the apparently utilitarian elements in his theory. I will seek the answer in Kants theory itself, not in the biographical matters like Kants Pietist background, which might be of interest in some other context. Hare begins his interpretation with one of the formulae of the Categorical Imperative known as the Formula of the End in Itself: Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end. He interprets this as prescribing that one should treat other persons ends as ones own ends, which is the same as the utilitarian prescription that one should do what will conduce to satisfying peoples rational preferences or wills-for-ends. Hare notes that this formula conforms to Benthams injunction Everybody to count for one, nobody for more than one. In my view, this is the most reasonable interpretation of Kants illustrations of the duty to others in Grundlegung. I put the same point as follows. The status of a person as an end in itself consists in being capable of setting and pursuing his/her own ends. (2) This capacity is essential to the concept of the rational agency, as Kant writes: Rational natureShow MoreRelatedUtilitarian s Vs. Deontologists1593 Words   |  7 Pages Immanuel Kant, a deontologist, determined good will as the concept of a will â€Å"good in itself† without regard to anything else (Kant 528). He explains that if someone has good will, regardless if the outcome of their action failed to produce the outcome of their intentions, would â€Å"shine through like a jewel† (Kant 528). An example of three altruists can be used to explain how motivations determined good will. There was a sympathetic altruist, who engaged in charity and enjoyed it. Kant believed thatRead MoreEssay on Utilitarism2352 Words   |  10 Pagesprinciple of utility, undermines personal integrity. Do you agree that being held responsible for the consequences of not acting, of failing to prevent something, will (always or sometimes) erode the idea of personal integrity? Is there any way to be a utilitarian and still respect the integrity of individuals? Integrity is the honesty and truthfulness or accuracy of one’s actions. Integrity regards internal consistency as a virtue. One may judge that others â€Å"have integrity† to the extent that they actRead MoreThe Housing Allowance - Business Ethics1734 Words   |  7 Pagesconvenient area and that their living arrangements are complimentary to the company image. One of the employees, Dale Garman, found out that Wilson was falsifying his monthly housing expenses and was in fact living in his old neighborhood, which couldnt possibly cost more than $300. The house that Wilson was living in was not up to the company standards and it looked as if he was sharing it with quite a few people. Dale notified Wilsons supervisor Barbara Weston of his living situation and BarbaraRead MoreThe Moral Principles Which Control An Individual s Behaviour1820 Words   |  8 Pagesinto how a Utilitarian and a Kantian react to a specific scenario, seeing how both perspectives differ and deciding which one is better in the given scenario. Utilitarianism is the theory in normative ethics that believes the best action is the one which provides the most happiness. This is known as the Greatest Happiness Principle, the belief that the less pain an act produces, the more morally praiseworthy that action will be. Kantianism on the other hand is the belief of Emmanu el Kant, assertingRead MoreKantian Deontology, Utilitarianism, And Virtue Ethics1606 Words   |  7 Pagesviews that are used to either explain or make a judgment in regards to what is considered right or wrong in a given situation. To begin with, ethical theories help explain why an individual believes that an action is right or wrong. It gives one an understanding of how an individual chooses to make ethical decisions. Which is why different ethical theories are not congruent with a different situation. The first ethical theory is Kantian deontology. Kantian deontology is the view that â€Å"an act is goodRead MoreBusiness Ethics Essay4857 Words   |  20 Pages71203 Business Ethics Assignment 1 Drawing on ethical theory to critique a claim. Businesses putting something back into the local community... ...Morally obligatory - or not? Utilitarian and Kantian Moral Theory Viewpoints Tanya Lundie 9118692 27 March 2009 Rainbow (2002) describes ethical theories as being â€Å"...the foundations of ethical analysis...† because they are viewpoints from which guidance can be obtained in the interests of determining â€Å"...what counts as acting ethically...† (TheRead MoreEthics : Ethical Theories, Utilitarianism, And Virtue Ethics1977 Words   |  8 Pageswhen it comes to who is receiving the intrinsic good. In Ethical Egoism the agent is the one who is concerned with getting the most intrinsic good, while utilitarianism is looking at everyone affected. (Frederick source) When deciding to act, the utilitarian will first find out all courses of action they could take. Then they would consider all who would be affected by the course of action, including the decision maker (if affected). After determining who will be affected, how they will be affectedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Wall Street Whistle Blowers 2112 Words   |  9 Pages About the â€Å"ethical no† of whistleblowing, we can argue that Eric may have involved a risk for others. Even though he had the proofs of the wrongdoings, revealing it had dramatic consequences on his career and family life. Has he got fired, and couldn’t find a job in the same industry, situation for its close family could have turn worst. Another risk is the amalgamation between real wrongdoing or a simple accounting mistake, which can leads to terrible consequences for both stakeholders (Eric andRead MoreIs Dax Cowart An Autonomous Being?1890 Words   |  8 Pageshe wasn’t insane, still the doctors simply ignored his wishes. The doctor violated his rights as an autonomous rational being, which violated his rights. Let’s consider some perceptives from some great philosophers, such as Kant, and the Utilitarian principle to discuss some ethical problems in Dax Cowart’s case. Cowart was arguing a Kantian principle that what the doctors did was not okay because their actions suggested the view that the ends justify the means, which he believes violatesRead MoreHow Ethics Affects Our Lives2032 Words   |  9 Pagesto buy, things that don’t really affect those around you. The individualism approach is appropriate when making decisions in one’s personal life because it is not often that those choices will affect others outside your family. There are many reason why using an individual approach to make public decisions is wrong or frowned upon. One reason is that often times it is illegal to choose a specific product or even contractor because it would benefit you. When choices like that are made it is usually

Eating Disorders And Young Women - 1674 Words

Abstract Eating disorders refer to conditions where individuals have an unhealthy relationship with food, which turn negatively various aspects of their lives. Individuals suffering from eating disorders eat either excessively large amounts of food or little food that cannot sustain their normal body functions. Such persons can equally be obsessed with thoughts of food and exercises, an aspect that may result in them having distorted bodies. Millions of American citizens suffer from eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating, as well as eating disorders that are not otherwise specified (EDNOS). The most worrying concern nonetheless, is the fact that close to 90% of those suffering from eating disorders are adolescents and young women, the former who are routinely regarded as one of the most active segments of the population (Dancyger et al., 2014). The high incidence within adolescents and young women should note be taken to denote that young men and adults do not suffer from eating disorders. The failure to adequately attend to those suffering from eating disorders predisposes them to serious mental and physical health issues, thereby routinely interfering with their personal, professional and social lives (Mehler et al., 2015). In as much as eating disorders may coexist with different mental conditions, the eating disorders tend to go undiagnosed, implying that only a small number of sufferers obtain treatment for eating disorders. ThisShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders And Young Women1477 Words   |  6 PagesEating disorders refer to conditions where individuals have an unhealthy relationship with food, which in turn negatively influences various aspects of their lives. Individuals suffering from eating disorders eat either excessively large amounts of food or little food that cannot sustain their normal body functions. Such persons can equally be obsessed with thoughts of food and exercises, an aspect that may result in them having distorted bodies. Millions of American citizens suffer from eating disordersRead MoreThe Effects Of Eating Disorders On Women And Young Girls839 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders appear to be something that is more common in this country and ignored. Media portrays people do be a certain body frame and it is talked about who has the right body shape and who does not. This makes it extremely difficult for people, especially women. Media and other people put a huge pressure on women and young girls to have a certain body image and shape to be â€Å"beautiful† or more attractive especially to the other gender. This can be a lot of the times when eating disordersRead MoreSociocultural Factors that Lead to Eating Disorders in Young Women1604 Words   |  7 Pagesto Eating Disorders in Young Women According to the DSM-5, anorexia nervosa is characterized by â€Å"distorted body image and excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss with a pathological fear of becoming fat† while bulimia nervosa is characterized by â€Å"frequent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate behaviors such as self-induced vomiting to avoid weight gain† (DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These two disorders most often affect adolescent girls and young womenRead MoreThe Media Is The Devil s Advocate Of Eating Disorders919 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease in eating disorders amongst women. The media is the devil’s advocate of eating disorders. Doctor Kathrine Henderson researched the history of eating disorders and the media to understand the reason behind its origin. Early studies provide evidence that claims the media’s main focus is on the decreasing weight in celebrities plastered on magazines and many other models and women who are the idea ls of beauty. There has been a variety of studies proving the increase in thinness amongst women in magazinesRead MoreMedia Is The Blame For Eating Disorders844 Words   |  4 Pagesnever be attainable but so many of young women strive for it. Why? Magazines, instagram, twiter, facebook, snapchat. Today’s media has dominated the way young women see themselves. Young women are constantly comparing themselves to Kendall Jenner, Kim Kardashian, or even their best friend. b. Relevance statement: i. Many people can relate to media being the blame for eating disorders because they’ve either dealt with this or know someone who has had an eating disorder due to what the media says youRead MoreResponsibility of the Fashion Model Industry1505 Words   |  7 Pageswhat an average young woman views as an ideal image for a female. If you don’t resemble the images of those stunning Victoria Secret models and Fashion Week models, you suddenly become ashamed of your own body. It is a great life to have with the high pay, fame, drinking champagne on a yacht with famous celebrities and even being on the Vogue cover page. Fashion Modeling Industry has been the most influential source in our young women’s lives. Young girls and young women are seen eating as little asRead MoreThe Causes Of Eating Disorders In College Women1444 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders in College Women Bingeing. Purging. Calorie counting. Excessive exercising. These are actions that are most commonly associated with eating disorders, which are psychological conditions affecting an individual’s eating habits. Though these conditions can appear in any age or gender group, they tend to be most prevalent in adolescent women. A large population of these young women happen to be college students dealing with problems such as body image issues, food insecurity, andRead MoreThe Influence Of Media Reporting On Society s Perception Of Beauty1730 Words   |  7 Pagesan image that is unrealistic and unattainable for teenage girls. As such, based upon a macro perspective, the societal roles, status and expectations of young women have been impacted negatively. This paper will analyze how the combination of media reporting, socioeconomics and sociocultural factors contribute to the development of eating disorders as well as how society s perception of beauty has been distorted. This paper will further support the notion that societies perception of a female’s beautyRead MoreSociology Essay: â€Å"How Far Would Sociologists Agree That the Media Causes Eating Disorders in Women?898 Words   |  4 Pagesagree that the media causes eating disorders in women? In this essay I will discuss how far sociologists would agree that the media causes eating disorders in women. Eating disorders refer to a group of conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the damage of an individuals physical and emotional health. Eating disorders include: bulimia, anorexia and obesity. First Marxists would argue all young females in the west areRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Eating Disorders1324 Words   |  6 Pages but what women don t realize is that those are all influences leading to eating disorders. Women are strongly affected by eating disorders in North America. Many societal, cultural and physiological aspects contribute to the impact that eating disorders have upon women. Psychological aspect of eating disorder The psychological effect of eating disorders is one of, if not the most influential part of the development of an eating disorder. â€Å"Eating disorders are disorders of eating behaviors

Legalization of Marijuana Essay - 2926 Words

Marijuana Legalization in the United States Elisha Havraniak Ottawa University LAS 30012 Writing and Critical Thinking in the Liberal Arts October 11, 2013 Marijuana Legalization in the United States Marijuana has had a long history as an illicit drug, but is quickly becoming a mainstream issue. Some people use marijuana to ease their pain and treat their illnesses. Many others use it because of it mood-altering effects. Laws have been passed to regulate both of these uses of the drug. Those who advocate legalization favor easing or overturning laws against the possession and use of marijuana for recreational purposes, medical use, or both. In†¦show more content†¦Its recreational use became widespread throughout the white upper middle class. In the 1970’s Richard Nixon and Congress instituted a â€Å"War on Drugs†. (Shectman, M., 2012). Marijuana, however, was categorized separately from other narcotics, which eliminated mandatory sentences for small amounts. In 1986, President Reagan signed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act, which instituted mandatory sentences for drug-related crimes. Possession of 100 marijuana plants now carried the same penalty as possession of 100 grams of heroin. This act was later amended to include the, â€Å"three strikes, you’re out† policy, requiring life sentences for repeat drug offenders. In 1989, President Bush reinforced this policy by declaring a new â€Å"War on Drugs†. (â€Å"Marijuana Timeline†). Effects on Justice System Cannabis or marijuana prohibition has a grossly negative effect on the economy. This impact continues to weigh heavily on the justice system. Not only does the prohibition require enforcement, processing and incarcerations which generates millions in costs to the government, it also causes millions of missed revenues because of its illegal status. In 2006, a study was performed by King and Mauer regarding the War on Drugs, focusing on the effects of the war on marijuana. Their study included some startling statistics and conclusions. â€Å"The results of this study suggest that law enforcement resources are not being effectively allocated to offenses which are most costly to society.Show MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Legalization of Cannabis in Ohio Marijuana is a controversial topic all across the United States. Recently marijuana has been voted on, legalized, and denied legalization in multiple states. There are still more states trying to fight the green fight for marijuana. The fight for legalization hasn’t been an easy one for cannabis supporters; they have been fighting tooth and nail to make it happen. One of the main concerns in the marijuana debates are whether or not marijuana is a gateway drugRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana1633 Words   |  7 PagesBalyuk March 8, 2016 Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana has a few different names that are commonly used in today’s society including weed and cannabis. Weed is smoked with joints, bongs, or pipes. Marijuana can also be mixed with foods usually brownies, cookies, and candy which are called edibles. The main chemical responsible for the high feeling is called THC but marijuana also contains over 500 chemicals. The chemical is found in resin produced by the leaves and buds. â€Å"Marijuana is the most commonlyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization Essay2566 Words   |  11 Pagescurrent prohibition on marijuana reforms has put the United States in a similar situation. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, â€Å"95 million Americans age 12 and older have tried pot at least once, and three out of every four illicit-drug users reported using marijuana within the previous 30 days† (ONDCP). The decriminalization and eve ntually legalization for the recreational use of marijuana will bring forth benefitsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1282 Words   |  6 Pages On November 8th, 2016, the California Marijuana Legalization Initiative may be included on the ballot. The people of California will vote on whether to legalize the recreational use of cannabis for adults. The move targets at regulating the consumption of the drug and taxing it like other legalized drugs. California was the first state to legalize medical marijuana in 1996 (National Institute of Drug Abuse). The state prohibited any legal actions from being taken on patients and recognized caregiversRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana or Cannabis is one of the bused drugs in America and the rest of the world. Interesting accumulating evidence show that the significant negative impact of this drug outweighs the positive effects. However, the medical benefits of the drug seem on the process of chemical compounds as compared to the drug itself. Medical debates show that chemical compound in marijuana are the problem as compared to the plant. The said chemical compound affects the mental and physical health of the personsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1660 Words   |  7 PagesKyler Smith 9/15 â€Å"Marijuana Legalization† The legality of cannabis varies from country to country. Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries and has been since the beginning of widespread cannabis prohibition in the late 1930s. However, possession of the drug in small quantities had been decriminalized in many countries and sub-national entities in several parts of the world. Furthermore, possession is legal or effectively legal in the Netherlands, Uruguay, and in the US states of ColoradoRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization996 Words   |  4 Pages the monetary gain of its legalization for most has been productive to say the least. For example, Denver Colorado is on track to more than triple the marijuana tax revenue this year alone. $44 million was collected in 2014. In July 2015, 73.5 million was collected, while 19.6 million went to schools. A place such as Chicago could really use the legalization to help with the school system infrastructure issues they have. With a deficit of over 1.1 bi llion marijuana sales could alleviate bothRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana1550 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Marijuana: Benefits and Statistics The topic of legalizing marijuana has been a topic of controversy for quite some time now not only throughout our local streets, but throughout the local and into the state government. The legalization of marijuana is such a controversial topic because some are for it and some are against it. People are for the legalization because of the great uses it has towards medicine, the money that could come from the taxation of legalized marijuana, andRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana972 Words   |  4 PagesOn January 1st the states of Colorado and Washington officially began the regulation of legal marijuana sales. Thousands of people from all over the country including tourists from Wisconsin, Ohio, Chicago, and even Georgia lined up out front of dispensaries to make a purchase. Recreational marijuana is being regulated and monitored like alcohol; you must be at least 21 years old to make a purchase. The drug, which is controversial in many states’ legislations, is currently l egal for medical useRead MoreMarijuana Legalization1212 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana Legalization COMP 1500 April 20th, 2009 Word Count: 807 Outline I. Introduction Thesis Statement: Although America is the land of the free you do not really have  too many  free choices you can make. Americans  should have  the right to  choose whether or not  marijuana should be legal. II. Background III. The tax benefits that can be created A. If legalized they can tax it how ever much they want B. Can be regulated IV. Drug enforcement money can be diverted

Herman Case Free Essays

string(27) " its first stock offering\." Companies† list in both 2008 and 2010. The three high-technology organizations selected for these lists were Microsoft, Cisco, and Google. Unlike most firms, especially those in mature industries and most of its office furniture rivals, Herman Miller had pursued a path distinctively marked by reinvention and renewal. We will write a custom essay sample on Herman Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now This path had served it well over the decades. It survived the Great Depression early in its history and multiple recessions in the 20th century In the early part of the 21st century, it recovered from the dot. Com bust. In 201 2, Herman Miller once again was facing turbulent and uncertain economic conditions. Would its propensity for using innovation to reinvent and renew its business once again allow the company to flourish and grow? How far and how fast might the company be able to push its annual revenues above the 201 1 level of $1. 6 billion? COMPANY BACKGROUND Herman Miller’s roots went back to 1905 and the Star Furniture Company, a manufacturer of traditionalistic bedroom suites in Zealand, Michigan. In 1909, it was renamed Michigan Star Furniture Company and hired Dirk Jan De Pre as a clerk. De Pre, became president in 191 9 and four years later convinced his father-in-law, Herman Miller, to purchase the majority of hares; De Pre renamed the company Herman Miller Furniture Company in recognition of Millers support. In 1 927, De Pre committed himself to treating â€Å"all workers as individuals with special talents and potential. † This occurred after he visited the family of a millwright who had died unexpectedly. During the visit, the widow read some poetry Upon asking the widow who the poet was, De Pre was surprised to learn it was the millwright. This led him to wonder whether the millwright was a worker who wrote poetry or a poet who worked as a millwright. This story was part of Herman Miller’s corporate culture, which intended to generate respect for all employees and fueled the quest to tap the diversity of gifts and skills held by all. In 1 930, the United States was in the Great Depression and Herman Miller was in financial trouble. As De Pre was looking for a way to save the company, Gilbert Rhode, a designer from New York, approached him and told him about his design philosophy. Rhode then asked for an opportunity to design a bedroom suite for a fee of $1 ,OHO. When De Pre reacted negatively to such a fee, Rhode suggested an alternative payment plan-?a 3 percent royalty on the furniture sold-?to which De Pre agreed, figuring that there as nothing to lose. A few weeks later, De Pre received the-first designs from Rhode. Again, he reacted negatively. In response, Rhode wrote De Pre a letter explaining his design philosophy: â€Å"[Horst,] utter simplicity: no surface enrichment, no carvings, no molding, [and second,] furniture should be anonymous. People are Important, not furniture. Furniture should be useful† Rhodes designs were antithetical to traditional designs, but De Pre saw merit in them and set Herman Miller on a course of designing and selling furniture that reflected a way of life. In 1 942, Herman Miller produced its first office furniture-?a Gilbert Rhode sign referred to as the Executive Office Group. Rhode died two years later, and De Pre began a search for a new design leader. After reading an article in Life magazine â€Å"about designer George Nelson, De Pre hired Nelson as Herman Miller’s first design director. In 1 946, De Pre hired Charles and Ray Names, a husband-and-wife design team based in Los Angels. In the same year, Charles Earn sees designs were featured in the first one-man furniture exhibit at New Work’s Museum of Modern Art. Some of his designs became part of the museum’s permanent collection. Many sources were helpful in providing material for this case, m ¶SST articulacy employees at Herman Miller who generously shared their time and viewpoints about the company to help ensure that the case accurately reflected the company’s practices and culture. They provided many resources, including internal documents and stories of their personal experiences. In 1 950, Herman Miller, under the guidance of Dry. Carl Frost, a professor at Michigan State University, became the first company in the state of Michigan to implement a Scansion Plan, a productivity incentive program devised by labor expert Joseph N. Scansion. Underlying the Scansion Plan were the principles of equity and justice for everyone in the company† Two major functional elements Of Scansion plans were the use of committees for sharing ideas on improvements and a structure for sharing increased profitability. The relationship between Frost and Herman Miller continued for at least four decades. During the asses, Herman Miller introduced a number of new furniture designs, including those by Alexander Gerard, Charles and Ray Names, and George Nelson. Specifically, the company introduced the first molded fiberglass chairs and the Names lounge chair and ottoman (see Exhibit 1). The Names designs were introduced on NBC Home Show with Arlene Francis, a precursor to the Today show. Also in the asses, Herman Miller began its first overseas foray, selling its products in the European market. In 1 962, D. J. De Pre became chairman of the board and his son, Hugh De Pre, became president and chief executive officer. D. J. De Pre had served for more than 40 years as the president of Herman Miller. EXHIBIT 1 Names Lounge Chair and Ottoman During the 1 sass, Herman Miller introduced many new designs for both home and office. The most notable design was the Action Office System, the rolls first open-plan modular office arrangement of movable; panels and attachments. By the end of the 1 sass, Herman Miller had formed a subsidiary in England with sales and marketing responsibility throughout England and the Scandinavian countries. The company also established dealers in South and Central America, Australia, Canada, Europe, Africa, the Near East, and Japan. In 1 970, Herman Miller went public and made its first stock offering. You read "Herman Case" in category "Papers" The stock certificate was designed by the Names office staff. The company entered the health/science market in 1 971 and introduced the Oregon chair, its first design eased on scientific observation and ergonomic principles, in 1976. In 1 979, in conjunction with the University of Michigan, Herman Miller established the Facility Management Institute, which pioneered the profession of facility management. The company continued to expand overseas and introduce new designs throughout the asses. By 1 977, more than half of Herman Miller’s 2,500 employees worked outside the production area. The Scansion Plan therefore needed to be overhauled, since it had been designed originally for a production workforce. In addition, employees worked at multiple U. S. And overseas locations. In 1 978, an ad hoc committee of 54 people from nearly every segment of the company was elected to examine the need for changes and to make recommendations. By January 1979, the committee had developed a final draft. The plan established a new organization structure based on work teams, caucuses, and councils. All employees were given an opportunity to discuss the new plan in small group settings. On January 26,1 979,96 percent of the employees voted to accept the new plan. After 18 years as president and CEO, Hugh De Pre stepped down; his younger brother, Max De pre, became chairman and chief executive officer n 1980. In 1981, Herman Miller took a major initiative to become more efficient and environmentally friendly. Its Energy Center generated both electrical and steam power to run its 1 -million-square-foot facility by burning waste. 2 In 1983, Herman Miller established a plan whereby all employees became shareholders. This initiative occurred approximately 10 years before congressional incentives fueled employee stock ownership plan (ESP.) growth. In 1 984, Herman Miller introduced the Aqua chair, a second chair based on ergonomic principles; many other designs followed in the 1 9805. In 1987, the iris non-De Pre family member, Dickered, became chief executive officer. By the end of the decade, Time magazine had recognized the Aqua chair as a Design of the Decade. Also, in 1989, Herman Miller established its Environmental Quality Action Team, whose purpose was to â€Å"coordinate environmental programs worldwide and involve as many employees as possible. † In 1990, Herman Miller became a founding member of the Tropical Forest Foundation and was the only furniture manufacturer to belong. That same year, it discontinued using endangered rosewood in its redrawing Names lounge chair and ottoman, and substituted cherry and walnut from sustainable sources. It also became a founding member of the U. S. Green Building Council in 1994. Some of the buildings at Herman Miller were used to establish Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LED) standards. Because of its environmental efforts, Herman Miller received awards from Fortune magazine and the National Wildlife Federation in the 1 9905. Also in the 1 sass, Herman Miller again introduced some groundbreaking designs. In 1 994, it introduced the Aaron chair (see Exhibit 2), which almost immediately was added to the New York Museum of Modern Art’s permanent sign collection. In 1999, the Aaron chair won the Design of the Decade Award from Businesslike and the Industrial Designers I Society of America. In 1 992, J. Kermit Campbell became Herman Miller’s fifth CEO and president. He was the first person from outside the company to hold either position. In 1995, Campbell resigned and Mike Evolved was promoted to CEO. Evolved, just 39 years old, had been with a company called Meridian for seven years before Herman Miller acquired it in 1990, so when he became CEO he had been with either Herman Miller or its subsidiary for 12 years. At the time, the industry was in a slump and Herman Miller was being restructured. Sales were approximately $1 billion annually. EXHIBIT 2 The Herman Miller Aaron Chair In 1 994, the company launched a product line called Herman Miller for the Home to focus on the residential market. It reintroduced some Of its modern classic designs from the asses, asses, and asses as well as new designs. In 1998, it set up a specific website (www. Home. Com) to tap into this market. Attachments took additional marketing initiatives to focus on small and midsized businesses. It established a network of 1 80 retailers to focus on small genuineness and made a 3-D design computer program available to midsized customers. In addition, its order entries were digitally linked among the company and its suppliers, distributors, and customers to expedite orders and improve their accuracy 3 THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 21ST CENTURY The first decade of the 21 SST century started off spectacularly for Herman Miller, with record profits and sales in 2000 and 2001. The company offered: an employee stock option plan (ESP.) in July 2000, and Time magazine selected the Names molded ply’. Judd chair a Design of the Century. Sales had ore than doubled in the six years that Mike Evolved had been CEO. Then the dot. Com bubble burst and the terrorist attacks of September 1 1 , 2001, shook the U. S. Economy. Herman Miller’s sales dropped by 34 percent, from more than $22 billion in 2001 to less than $1. 5 billion in 2002. In the same two years, the company saw a decline in profits from a positive $144 million to a negative $56 million. In an interview for Fascinating magazine in 2007, Evolved said, â€Å"One night went to bed a genius and woke up the town idiot† Although sales continued to drop in 2003, Herman Miller returned to reparability in that year. To do so, Herman Miller had to drop its long-held tradition of lifelong employment; approximately 38 percent of the workforce was laid off, and an entire plant in Georgia was closed. Mike Evolved and Brian Walker, then president of Herman Miller North America, met with all the workers to tell them what was happening and why it had to be done. One Of the workers being laid off was so moved by Evolved and Walkers presentation that she told them she felt sorry for them having to personally lay off workers. To replace the tradition of lifelong employment, Evolved, tit input from many others, developed what the company referred to as â€Å"the new social contract. † He explained it as follows: We are a commercial enterprise, and the customer has to be on center stage, so we have to first figure out whether your gifts and talents have a match with the needs and wants of this commercial enterprise. If they don’t, then we want to wish you the best, but we do need to tell you that I don’t have a job for you right now. As part of the implementation of the social contract, the company redesigned benefit plans such as educational reimbursement and 401 (k) plans to be more portable. This done to decrease the cost of changing jobs for employees whose gifts and talents no longer matched customer needs. Herman Miller’s sales and profits began to climb from 2003 to 2008. In 2008, even though sales were not at an all-time high, the company’s profits had reached a record level. Walker became president in 2003 and CEO in 2004. Evolved became chairman of the board in 2004. Then Herman Miller was hit by the recession of 2009. Sales dropped by 1 9 percent, from approximately $2. 0 billion in 2008 to approximately $ 1. 6 billion in 2009. In the same years, profits dropped from $1 52 million to $68 million. In March 2009, Mark Churchman, director of external communications at Herman Miller, predicted that the changes made to recover from the 2001-2003 recession would help the company weather the recession that began in late 2007. HERMAN MILLER IN 2012 Herman Miller had codified its long-practiced organizational values and published them on its website on a page titled â€Å"What We Believe. † Those beliefs, listed as follows, were intended as a basis for uniting all employees, building relationships, and contributing to communities: ; Curiosity Exploration: These are two of our greatest strengths. They he behind our heritage of research- driven design. How do we keep our curiosity? By respecting and encouraging risk, and by practicing forgiveness. You can’t be curious and infallible. In one sense, if you never make a mistake, you’re not exploring new ideas often enough. Everybody makes mistakes: we ought to celebrate honest mistakes, learn from them, and move on. ; Engagement: For us, it is about being owners-? actively committed to the life of this community called Herman Miller, sharing in its success and risk. Stock ownership is an important ingredient, but it’s not enough. The strength and the payoff really come when engaged people own problems, solutions, and behavior. Acknowledge responsibility, choose to step forward and be counted. Care about this community and make a difference in it. ; Performance: Performance is required for leadership. We want to be leaders, so we are committed to performing at the highest level possible. Performance isn’t a choice. It’s up to everybody at Herman Miller to perform at his or her best. Our own high performance-?however we measure it-?enriches our lives as employees, delights our customers, and creates real value for our shareholders ; Inclusiveness: To succeed as a company, we must include all the expressions of human talent and potential that society offers. We value the whole person and everything each of us has to offer, obvious or not so 4 obvious. We believe that every person should have the chance to realize his or her potential regardless of color, gender, age, sexual orientation, educational background, weight, height, family status, skill level-? the list goes on and on. When we are truly inclusive, we go beyond toleration to understanding all the qualities that make people who they are, that make us unique, and most important, that unite us. Design: Design for us is a way of looking at the world and how it works-?or doesn’t. It is a method for getting something done, for solving a problem. To design a solution, rather than simply devising one, requires research, thought, sometimes starting over, listening, and humility. Sometimes design results in memorable occasions, timeless chairs, or really fun parties. Design isn’t just the way something looks; it sinusitis the way something works, either. ; Foundations: The past can be a tricky thing-?an anchor or a sail, a tether or a launching pad. We value and respect our past without being ruled by it. The stories, people, and experiences in Herman Miller’s past form a unique foundation. Our past teaches us about design, human compassion, leadership, risk taking, seeking out change and working together. From that foundation, we can move forward together with a common language, a set of owned beliefs and understandings. We value our rich legacy more for what it shows us we might become than as a picture of what we’ve been. ; A Better World: This is at the heart of Herman Miller and the real reason why many of us come to work every day. We contribute to a better world by pursuing sustainability and environmental wisdom. Environmental advocacy is part of our heritage and a responsibility we gladly bear for future generations. We reach for a better world by giving time and money to our communities and causes outside the company; through becoming a good corporate citizen worldwide; and even in the (not so) simple act of adding beauty to the world. By participating in the effort, we lift our spirits and the spirits of those around us. ; Transparency: Transparency begins with letting people see how decisions are made and owning the decisions we make. So when you make a decision, own it. Confidentiality has a place at Herman Miller, but if you can’t tell anybody about a decision you’ve made, you’ve probably made a poor choice. Without transparency, it’s impossible to have trust and integrity. Without trust and integrity, its impossible to be transparent All employees were expected to live these values. Management Mike Evolved remained chairman of the board in 2012, and Brian Walker was president and CEO. Walker’s compensation was listed by Bloomberg Businesslike as $693,969 in 2011. The magazine listed compensation for Coos at four competitors as ranging from $778,000 to $973,000. Walker and our other top executives at Herman Miller took a 10 percent pay cut in January 2009 and, along with all salaried workers, another 10 percent cut in March 2009. The production workers were placed on a work schedule that consisted of nine days in two weeks, effectively cutting their pay by 10 percent as well. That the executives would take a pay cut before salaried workers, and one twice as much as that required by workers, was just one way human compassion was practiced at Herman Miller. However, most employees’ pay cuts and furloughs were ended in June 201 0 when the company’s financial performance began to improve. By U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulations, a publicly traded Company had to have a board of directors. By Herman Miller’s corporate policy, the majority of the 14 members of the board had to be independent. To be judged independent, the individual as a minimum had to meet the NASDAQ National Market requirements for independent directors (NASDAQ Stock Market Rule 4200). In addition, the individual could not have any â€Å"other material relationship with the company or its affiliates or with any executive officer of the company or his or her affiliates. Moreover, according o company documents, any â€Å"transaction between the Company and any executive officer or director of the Company (including that persons spouse, children, stepchildren, parents, stepparents, siblings, parents-law, children- in-law, siblings-in-law and persons sharing the same residence) must be disclosed to the Board of Directors and is subject to the approval of the Board of Director s Or the Nominating and Governance Committee unless the proposed transaction is part of a general program available to all directors or employees equally under an existing policy or is a purchase of Company reduces consistent with the price and terms of other transactions of similar size with other purchasers. † Furthermore, â€Å"It is the policy of the Board that all directors, consistent with their responsibilities to the stockholders of the company as a whole, hold an equity interest in the company. Toward this end, the. Board requires that each director will have an equity interest after one year on the Board, and within five years the Board encourages the 5 directors to have shares of common stock of the company with a value of at least three times the amount of the annual retainer paid to each director. † In there words, board members were held to standards consistent with Herman Miller’s corporate beliefs and its ESP. program. Although Herman Miller had departments, the most frequently referenced work unit was the team. Paul Murray, director of environmental health and safety, explained the relationship between the team and the department as follows: At Herman Miller, team has just been the term that has been used since the Scansion Plan and the De Peres brought that into Herman Miller. And so I think that’s why we use that almost exclusively. The department-? as a department, we help facilitate the other teams. And so they aren’t just department driven. Teams were often cross-functional. Membership on a team was based on the employee’s ability to contribute to that team. As Gave Wing lead chemical engineer for the company’s Design for the Environment division, described it, You grab the appropriate representative who can best help your team achieve its goal. It doesn’t seem to be driven based on title. It’s based on who has the ability to help us drive our initiatives towards our goal. Teams were often based on product development. When the product had been developed, the members of that team were redistributed to new rejects. New projects could come from any level in the organization: One way in which leadership was shared at Herman Miller was through the concept of â€Å"talking up and down the ladder. † Workers at all levels were encouraged to put forth new ideas. Herman Miller environmental specialist Rudy Barrels said, If they try something they have folks there that will help them and be there for them.. That requires a presence of one of us or an e-mail or just to say, â€Å"Yeah, I think that’s a great idea. † That’s how a tot †¦ In the organization works. Because Herman Miller workers felt empowered, a new manager could run onto some startling behavior. Paul Murray recalled, can remember my first day on the job. I took my safety glasses 0 if . ND an employee stepped forward and said, â€Å"Get your safety glasses back on At [Company X, Company there was no way they would have ever talked to a supervisor like that, much less their supervisor’s manager. Itâ⠂¬â„¢s been a fun journey when the workforce is that empowered. The company’s beliefs were also reinforced through the Employee Gifts Committee and the Environmental Quality Action Team. True to Herman Millers practice of shared leadership, the Employee Gifts Committee distributed funds and other sources based on employee involvement. Jay Link, manager of corporate giving explained the program as follows: Our first priority is to honor organizations where our employees are involved. We believe that it’s important that we engender kind of a giving spirit in our employees, so if we know they’re involved in organizations, which is going to be where we have a manufacturing presence, then our giving kind of comes alongside organizations that the/re involved with. So that’s our first priority. In addition, all Herman Miller employees could work 16 paid hours a year with a charitable organization of their choice. The company set goals for the number of employee volunteer hours contributed annually to its communities. Progress toward meeting those goals was reported to the CEO. The Environmental Affairs Team, formed in 1 988 with the authorization of Max De pre, had responsibility for such activities as recycling solid waste and designing products from sustainable resources. One of the team’s successes was in the reduction of solid waste taken to landfills. In 1 991, Herman Miller was sending 41 million pounds of solid waste to landfills. That figure was down to 24 million pounds by 1 994 and to 3. 6 million pounds by 2008. Such improvements were both environmentally friendly and costiveness. Herman Miller’s beliefs carried over to the family and the community. Gave Wing related, â€Å"I’ve got the worst lawn in my neighborhood. That’s because don’t spread pesticides on it, and don’t put fertilizer down. † He went on to say that he and his wife had to make a difficult decision in the summer of 2009 6 because Herman Miller had a policy â€Å"to avoid PVC [polyvinyl chloride] wherever possible. In restoring their home, they chose fiber cement board over PVC siding even though the fiber cement board was considerably more costly. Wing said, â€Å"Seven years ago, I didn’t really think about it. † Rudy Barrels was involved in a youth soccer association that raised money to buy uniforms by collecting newspapers and aluminum cans. Barrels said, â€Å"When I’ll speak they’ll say, ‘Yeah, that’s Rudy. He’s Herman Miller. You should-?you know we’re goanna have to do this. â€Å"‘ The company’s beliefs carried over to all functional areas of the business. Some of them were obviously beneficial, and some were simply the way Herman Miller chose to conduct its business. How to cite Herman Case, Papers

Leadership Essential to The Development of Ethical Decision

Question: Discuss about the Leadership essential to the Development of Ethical Decision making in Modern Organisations? Answer: Is leadership essential to the development of ethical decision making in modern organisations? Leadership is not something that you acquire by heredity or is followed by the family legacy. One cannot guarantee that if you graduate from a well to do business school you would be imbibing all the qualities that a leader ideally possesses. Although there can be a possibility that the experience gained might prove to be helpful in the future. Leadership is something that comes to a person naturally and is pretty much intentional that helps the person in his process of growth and development as an individual. A person can only be a leader or show his leadership skills when he has a mass following him. A leader can show off his abilities to plan, lead, organise and control only if he has a group that follows and listens to him religiously. Having understood the meaning of leadership we now go on to describe as to what going by the general term is ethical. If we strictly go by the modern definition of the Oxford Dictionary, it defines ethical as the term that relates to moral principles. (Sandis and Taleb, 2015). It could also be the branch of knowledge dealing with these principles. However the question that tends to arise here is what exactly is termed as a moral act or principle. The concept of a moral act or the principle of morality is something that is very subjective in nature and differs from person to person. However some virtues that are universally recognised and accepted are honesty, loyalty, generosity, kindness, and respect for one another and so on. Once we have a clear idea regarding the important terms that are used in the topic, we would now go on to debate upon whether leadership plays an important role in development of ethical decision making, and I would be writing for the motion. Leadership definitely plays a very important role in an organization in context to the decisions taken, keeping in mind the ethical actions that are to be considered. Leadership helps in the development of ethical decisions that will have a direct impact of the efficiency, productivity and growth of the organization. For the sole purpose of improved efficiency and increased profitability many modern business centres have tried to restructure their strategic business acumen under the influence of leaders. The leaders or in case of the organizations, help in taking such decisions that not only lead them to profitable situation but also those decisions are morally right. Here morally right implies those decisions that would help in the betterment o f others along with the growth of the institution. (Selart and Johansen, 2011) The crux of organizational behavior lies in the principles of virtue and values of what is right and wrong. This lays down the foundation for the leaders, which they can utilize to the fullest to positively influence the decisions that are undertaken in an organization. The essential element for taking decisions which in all probability are morally correct or at least be virtuous is the presence of an effective leader. A leader is responsible for bringing about change in any organization with his effective leadership. (Jones and Millar, 2010). Without a proper leader who does not have the requisite leadership qualities in him, however is not fit for leading a business organization. There are some basic qualities that a leader ought to possess which would enable him to take ethical decisions in an organization. However it should be kept in mind that a leader himself should be following the principles of ethics or should be for that matter a good human being who follows a code of condu ct in his life. (Griffin and Moorhead, 2011). He should be a man of principles who improvises the correct and just decisions in an organization. The key for successful leadership are: Sense of mission The leaders a very well aware of the reason as to why the organization exists and what is expected out of the people and the organization. His thoughts should be well articulated, knowing exactly regarding the steps that are to be taken or the kind of strategic planning that should be adopted for the organization. This should however be planned in such a way that it does not jeopardize his moral principles or the code of conduct that is set forth in the organization. Vision An effective leader clearly knows where he wants to see his business few years down the line. A vision that should be so enigmatic that the people in the organization themselves are encouraged to work towards the vision. (Collins, 2014). Goal- A practical leader will know how to measure the specific progress is made in terms of the goals the organization achieves in a span of time. What is the mission for and what will the vision lead to? All this can be measured with the help of goals or the measurable productive work that has been done by the organization. Competency-A leader is like the role model for everyone in the organization. The employees, the stake holders and the public in general believe him to be an expertise in his respective field. Thus he should be capable enough to manage things the people and the organization smoothly and effectively. Leaders mostly acquire competency in the process of learning and experiences they gain from the organization. Communication skills- A leader has the potential to get his work done through the people. This is only possible when he can get his thoughts across the people. Even if nothing works out well for him, the head of any organization should ensure that he is in constant touch with his employees. (Ford and Richardson, 2013). Here, I would avoid using the term subordinates as an ethical rather good leader would never view his employees to be under him, instead he would perceive them to be working along with him. Inspiration One of the most important characteristic of a leader is that he should be like the ideal role model in front of the people. He should be like the mitochondria or the power house of the organization, constantly encouraging, guiding and directing the employees. This is the most important point while we consider the development of ethical decision. The leader himself should try and idealistic setting an example for the people. If the leader has qualities like he is just, is kind, is honest, is loyal to the organization , is helpful , is righteous etc., then it is very likely that other members in the organization would try to follow his foot step and try to be like him. This would therefore help him making ethical decisions with the support of the people in the organization. (Craft, 2013). Having done so, we would now highlight the six golden pillars of character that every leader possesses in a business setting in order to ensure that the decisions that are taken are ethical. This can be only done as stated above only if the leader has the capability of differentiating between the right and wrong and is determined to only work on those principles that will result in the benefit for all. Fairness ability to be just and fair without any prejudices or favouritism, Keeping everyone informed about all the decisions, going by the rules of the game. Trustworthiness- not being deceptive, loyal, reliable, honest and not going against your words. Respect one of the most important mantra that needs to follow is treat others how you wish to be treated by them, being polite, respecting the differences of opinions amongst the people and being patient enough to listen. Responsibility being accountable for your own actions, having self-control, always aiming for excellence and thinking before acting. Caring being helpful, kind, compassionate towards others, being altruistic whenever possible. Citizenship trying to bring an improvement in ones own community and environment around us, trying to operationalize democratic institutions and always works within the boundaries of law. (Donlevy and Walker, 2011). Going by these virtues, if a leader, the executives or the managers adhere to these principles while carrying out their daily activities, it would lead to a creation of a healthy yet ethical environment which would also motivate the employees to work in the same manner. An organization without proper leadership is like a herd of cattle, with no direction, no goal or mission. They would go all haywire if their herder does not come and lead the way. Ethical decisions can be developed in an organization only when there is a leader supervising the whole system. The leader is the backbone of the organization on the basis which it stands upright. This goes without saying that every organization has a leader of some sort or the other. However history is witness to the fact that those leaders who got involved in unethical practices brought catastrophe on themselves as well as the organization. For instance, the Lehman brothers in the U.S, Enron and his fraudulent schemes of accounting, Salomon Brothers and their false auction scandal of the treasury and many others. (Ciulla, 2014). This brings up two points vividly before us; first, any organization without a leader without ethics and principles is bound to face a downfall. Second, no organization can survive for long if the leader does not have the capability to take ethical decisions. This clearly states our motion that without a proper leadership there can be no development of any ethical decision in the modern organization. Even if there are decisions taken without a leader or a coordinator it cannot be trusted with as the company would be able to sustain for long. As given in the examples, if the leader himself is unethical, then again the outcome is the same. Not only leadership is a basic necessity for ethical decision but also ethical leadership. This is the key for sustenance of any successful modern organization. (Ferrell and Fraedrich, 2015). To the arguments put forth, there are counter questions that are likely to arise. There could be a question where someone can bring up that In todays contemporary business organization, something that plays a very important role in taking ethical decisions is the opinion of the masses. How does leadership play a role there? To this the response could be that, undoubtedly opinion plays a very important role in decision taking mechanism. Nothing can go unnoticed from the public eye or the opinion of the majority. However, as already described that there is a need for someone who would channelize these opinions in a proper direction and articulate in such a way that the just demands are accepted and in turn executed. Thus even if opinion holds more important in the ethical decision making, there is least possibility of it being properly vented out or implemented if not for the presence of a leader who would act like guiding light leading the path. Another question that could be raised is In a world where nobody is even near to perfect, how can one expect a leader to be idealistic, unmoved by a biases always taking ethical decision? To this, the response could be what we are try to put across this piece is that leaders should try and be idealistic in the sense that they should try not set any wrong examples in from of the employees. It is human nature to make mistakes but it is also human nature to learn from mistakes. Thus the leader should make an extra effort to be careful in his moves, not to behave in a hasty manner that can prove to be a bad influence in front of people. The people are guided by their leaders whether good or bad, so the leader should make an attempt to be a good example. The argument above clearly brings out the need for a proper leadership for the development of decision making in an organization. The leaders need to keep a positive approach towards the organization in order to execute the ethical decisions that are made. (By and Burnes, 2013) The ethical behavior should be practised on a regular basis by the leaders and the others around him. Ethical decisions should be respected and also rewarded. Ethics and leadership are like the two sides of the same coin. Leadership has no meaning without ethics. We must try to instil this philosophy and make ethics a way of life. References: By, R.T. and Burnes, B. eds., 2013.Organizational change, leadership and ethics: Leading organizations towards sustainability. Routledge. Ciulla, J.B. ed., 2014.Ethics, the heart of leadership. ABC-CLIO. Collins, D., 2011.Business ethics: How to design and manage ethical organizations. John Wiley Sons. Craft, J.L., 2013. A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature: 20042011.Journal of Business Ethics,117(2), pp.221-259. Donlevy, J.K. and Walker, K.D., 2011. Leadership and ethics. InWorking through ethics in education and leadership(pp. 9-20). SensePublishers. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Ford, R.C. and Richardson, W.D., 2013. Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Griffin, R. and Moorhead, G., 2011.Organizational behavior. Nelson Education. Jones, M.T. and Millar, C.C., 2010. About global leadership and global ethics, and a possible moral compass: An introduction to the special issue.Journal of business ethics,93, pp.1-8. Sandis, C. and Taleb, N.N., 2015. Leadership Ethics and Asymmetry.Leadership and Ethics, p.233. Selart, M. and Johansen, S.T., 2011. Ethical decision making in organizations: The role of leadership stress.Journal of Business Ethics,99(2), pp.129-143.