A summery of Blue ocean strategy book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A summery of Blue ocean strategy harbor - Essay ExampleIf one has to compete with other industries, they will have to suffer losses and campaigns that could drain them or turn their survival mode on.The watchword consists of five parts which describe in detail the processes of excelling in business and forming new strategies. The starting section outlines the most important parts of the blue ocean strategy and the importance of forming a low costing evaluation. It derives the concept of value innovation in which it is essential and vital to beat up with something different than others to that the vigilance and worth of the product increases despite the cost which it is at even though the cost should be low so that the product isnt extremely expensive. The mart is always up for something different at non a very high price because then everyone is bound to give it a try. And with the population close to in billions, creating a small fortune wont be that hard.The second part ent ails how the blue ocean strategy was created. The first principal is to come up with something of which there should be no competition so that the market space is open and unchallenged. It tells to focus on the bigger picture, to dream big and not to just settle for small profits because that is how good business is done. The risk is always there of course but the blue ocean strategy helps in forming the courage to take that risk, especially if there is enough confidence in the idea or the product.The risk that comes up with business is the third part. The scheme and picture with which a strategy is formed has to follow the six principles first. They are good in ensuring an effective and a relatively safe way to start a business. First things first, the formulated plan has to make sense to everyone. Then there are the customers who will not buy the product that have to be unguaranteed by the three tiers. Following is to know what market is friendly and to make

Fashion business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fashion blood management - Essay ExampleOwing to the complex dynamisms of the elan industry, legion(predicate) investors have steered clear of this investment, considering it as a high risk venture, which is hardly given consideration by companies at later stages of their development and growth, while only very few, most predominantly individual-based ventures, are engaged in the fashion business as start-ups (Giacobello, 2000 p44). To this end, it becomes significantly essential for any individual evoke in the fashion business to commit themselves to understanding all the dynamics associated with the industry, before any engagement, either as investors or managers of fashion businesses. Therefore, this discussion seeks to analyze fashion business management, with a view to establishing the sourcing strategies, as well as the cultural considerations that requires to be made, for the fashion businesses that seek to operate within the global market place.The key rule for any busi ness has always been to know the customer (Blaszczyk, 2008 p23). This rule serves to guide business in the manner of operations, requiring that the sole reason for which a business is established is to serve its customers, through understanding their needs and satisfying them. Thus, for a fashion business, the sourcing strategies are pegged on the needs of the customers, which has to do with the quality that the customers are interested in, the range of prices they can afford and able to pay for the fashion products, as well as the time within which the customers need to be supplied with the products (Gale & Kaur, 2004 p18). Thus, to fulfill the preceding(prenominal) customer requirements, a fashion business merchandiser require applying the followe strategiesThe fashion business is characterized by demand fluctuations, where a certain type or style of apparels or clothing could be highly demanded in a certain season, and later the demand for the same turns to be very low (Han, 200 3 p33). Thus, owing to the

Slaughter house five Essay Example for Free

Slaughter house five EssaySlaughter house five is a gang of helplessness as perpetu eachyything that happens is destined to happen and the choice to feel good or bad about the events is the curse of human kind. Human life is lead under the illusion that there is a choice to stop, prevent or modify the events, while, in reality the only power accorded to man is the power of watching and attaching his emotions to the events that unfold. The explicit message of the book is that Billy Pilgrim has the ruinous capacity of knowing about his entire life but has no power to modify or protect himself from any pre-ordained events. The implicit message seems that there is a scheme to all events in history which has strands from various events leading to it without the individual particles or players ever having the complete knowledge of the consequences of their contribution. A survivors guilt associated with the autobiographical part of the impertinent which the author tries to shrug a way by the end of the prototypic chapter is actually a clever disguise to mask the coming unstuck in time of Billy Pilgrim.A survivor of one of the most unbalanced elements of the world war, paradoxically carried out by the white forces of the allies, Pilgrim suddenly becomes capable of four dimensional thinking and time ceases to be a linear component of his mindscape. It is a whole unit and has no chance of being altered or decodeed. It simply is. As the loud speaker in the trafalmadorian flying mantrap answers Well, here we be, Mr. Pilgrim, trapped in the amber of this moment. There is no why. (77)The explicit and the implicit do seem to collude to infer the inevitability of world-historic and human-personal events, an intricately lay twined web which defies reason. Repetition serves more than one purpose in the novel. Billy keeps returning to Dresden, which is a defining moment in his life and the repeated trips to the scenes some the raging massacre is a reinforcement o f the do one singular event can have on the watercourse of consciousness of a person. heretofore equipped with the time promptling four dimensional capabilities of trafalmadorians, Billy is unable to escape revisiting his one defining moment.It is left to the readers judgment to decipher if there is anything special about these repetitions. Readers are left wondering if Billy is unable to help revisiting this instance or is the author obsessed with this particular phase. The absence of a definitive answer to this question adds to the intrigue behind this repetition. In a novel that takes conventional logic and builds an inverse pyramid around it, it is quite difficult to pick the logical strands of the work. However, there is a sound logic once the framework of such logic is accepted along the lines drawn by the author for Billy Pilgrim.As Billy knows the circumstances of his murder (he sees time as a whole entity and not as a continuous stream which exposes the present in any linear order). This makes him fearless of Paul Lazarros claims of revenge in the prison hospital. He already knew that he shall be killed by the same Lazarro, but after many years in a balkanized United States. Once the rules of this specific logic are grasped, then the reading of the novel becomes easier because the irony of any event is that it is pre determined and pans out exactly in the order it has been laid out in the unit of time.The various fears of Billy are brought into the fore through the various times he visits with his unusual intrepidity. His mothers weak questioning about her ageing, his fathers crude manoeuvre of teaching him swimming when he was really small by throwing him into the deep side of the pool are efforts at revisiting past fears and future anxieties. The contrast is the shifting between past and future. Dresden contrasts with itself on each occasion Billy visits that place.In one instance it is a highly civilized beautiful city, once it is a raging inferno due to allied bombings and Billy, along with other PoWs helps load the corpses. In another instance Dresden is shown as a city with factories that made malted syrup with proteins. The central location of this novel is contrasted with itself multiple times to give a feeling that the various events have changed the feelings Billy has associated with this place though he finds it difficult to explain his anguish related to the most defining moment of his life.There are patterns that Vonnegut plans intricately in the novel. It is the stream of consciousness narrative ever so told in the past tense, to imply that linearity of events has no bearing on their implications or consequences. Similarly, the apparent lack of credibility to Billys philosophy of time, derived from trafalmadorians prowess of time viewing throws up the disenchantment with the existent system.Billy meets his parents, proposes to his lover, attends a conference, sneaks into a radio broadcast and in between all these seems to visit Dresden in various capacities and at various junctures. This seemingly convoluted journey of the protagonist is an attempt to capture the centrality of the defining moment. This is the most obvious pattern that can be deciphered from detailed reading of the novel. Though the novel abounds with suppositions and implausible logic, the one thing it is devoid of is visible anomalies.The perverse logic is consistent throughout an Vonnegut has taken special care for the stream of consciousness narrative to remain unhindered by any anomalies that can affect the flow of the novel or the effect it has on readers expecting a linear story writer. The uninhibited profanity and explicit description of un natural sex in a trafalmadorian cage, and the bristling pace of time travel with an obvious contempt to linearity are actually a scheme to prepare the reader to more readily accept the implicit message that Everything is all right, and everybody has to do exactly what h e does. Chapter 9, pg. 198

Exploring the Thematic Link Between the Epigraph and the Greasy Lake Essay Example for Free

Exploring the Thematic Link Between the Epigraph and the smarmy Lake EssayThe Greasy Lake seems to be influence by Bruce Springsteen Spirit in the Night. It is like used an epigraph from his vociferation even though its not about the characters of the story. The characters and actions are completely made up. The Greasy Lake seemed to just imitate the song and take on its a liberate spirit. The Bad boy image in the Greasy Lake was admired and planned as the boys days continued, it was not original. We can just think about when the Greasy Lake was set not only the epigraph but also the title of the story was inspired by Bruce Springsteen Spirit in the Night.Think about it, are these boys really bad? No, they are just acting out the kind of behavior they think is bad,cool or expected of them. They read books to learn the Bad boy ways, booze cheap non- bad boy drinks and came from high class families. The nature of livelihood was shown through the bad things that took place suc h as beating the guy rope and disrespecting the fille and being bad in order to be looked at as bad or cool. This is the vote counter learned his lesson all from his actiions.The narrator, in the initiation of the story, believed himself and his friends were these exhaust hood guys but the events trhoughout the night reveals to the narrator that there is a price to be paid when trying to be bad. It was the third night of summer vacation and the narrator and his two friends, Digby and Jeff, wanted to prove they were misfits. That they were ready to be reckless and became reck. On that night they wanted to be semi- rebels, their rebellion explodes in their faces.Their actions brings them into a tougher world than they had lay for. They beat the goy up and was about to rape his girl friend. The guy friends pulled up and the tables had turned. They ran through the woods, dived and poluted waters and floated with the real tough guy who was dead in the waters. They hid from the real tough guys because they were scared and werent bad at all. The layed low till the early morning and then the three boys started to feel a bunch of detestation or repugnance for the Bad boy life.As the end it is clear that they have had enough of being bad. The narrator of Greasy Lake matures during his risky adventure because he has different views of nature. Earlier in the story they wanted to destroy the smell of possibility and interact in all these crazy moments such as mention the girl take their clothes off, drink, smoke and listen to Rock Roll. At the end of the story these cruel likings loses their request or want for these Bad guy qualities and aspects of life.When morning arrived the narrator experienced the beauty of the natural world like it was his first time. He has a epiphany or proclamation that this was nature and in the beginning it was just a dirty, rundown lake.? This was not just for him but for his friends also. When the girls approached them at the end his friend stepped up and trned down the girls offer. The three friends had the experience of a life time that changed thm for the better.

The Napoleonic Era Essay Example for Free

The forty winksic Era EssayNapoleons impact has been so great that an entire historical time period bears his name, the Napoleonic Era. For over a decade, he was to be the master of Europe scarcely he was alike a man. During the Triumvirate and Despotate in 1799 to 1804 CE and 1804 to 1815 CE, respectively, Napoleon made several errors (Rose, 2006). First of all, he suffered greatly due to an impediment at Eylau, Leipzig, Borodino, and the ultimately at Waterloo. Napoleons decision not to establish a treaty with other players such as Austria (in a Paris-Vienna axis) in the balance of power was his first major setback. The treaty could have helped him maintain the power of Britain and simultaneously gain and improve his peripherals and palatinates within Italy. Not only will this improve his power over Italy but also to the Autarchy of Naples, Dutch-Belgian demarcation, the Helvetian Republic and the Piedmont Kingdom. Another mistake that he committed was the two-front war. Nap oleon wages war over Russia and Iberian promontory in the course of study 1807 up to 1814 CE.He even made an error regarding the unity among his troops, which was divided when he appointed four different marshals having different military and hearty backgrounds. Napoleon also misjudged military activities by the sea, which resulted to a weak line of defense, or no defense at all, from the Mediterranean up to the Atlantic (Coakley, 1992). Second, with regards to economic warf atomic number 18, Napoleons Berlin Blockade, then modified to Continental Blockade, ultimately produced negative effects or results for France, exciting dissidence and unrest. In the east, he failed with a tripartite penetration of the Swedish throne.He also failed with the Ottoman Empires symmachia that was directed to Russia. As a result, the attention of Russia was brought upon Napoleons intentions, putting him near the bank of winning. Lastly, Napoleon miscalculated the size of the phalanxes at the Russi an Campaign (Stocqueler, 1852). This eventually rendered him unable to gain victory over Russia. In the end, all of Napoleons mistakes are the fruit of his unwavering ego.ReferencesCoakley, T. P. (1992). Command and Control for War and Peace Diane Publishing Company.Rose, J. H. (2006). The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era, 1789-1815 Adamant Media Corporation.Stocqueler, J. H. (1852). The Life of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington. New York Ingram, Cooke and Co.

Model of Educational Innovative System in Ecuador

Model of commandmental Innovative System in EcuadorSuccessful model of educational innovative system of rules according to the socio frugal context of Ecuador based on the success of South Korean educative modelEddy Ricardo Andrade ChamorroL5-001Suneeta WilliamsNovember 22th , 2016AbstractEducation is a fundamental basis for a society consequently it must be the priority for countries and even more grievous to these countries in development. There are studies that demonstrate the transactionhip between caliber education and economic growth of a hoidenish. That is why it is of the utmost importance to reconstruct the model of educational system of Ecuador. Currently this boorish has a really inefficient ample matrix and generate very low income. As a burden Ecuador is a expanse underdevelopment and lagging technologically. In order to knead it the priority of Ecuador is to improve their industriousness by improving its educational system. A correct model of educational sys tem according to socioeconomics condition, like South Korea model, direct the country from poverty to be one of the most important economies of the world. Ecuador require to educative system model strict and quality focused to the current needs of the industry to eventually improving it by technology and innovation and as a result develop the country and changing the tillable matrix of Ecuador.educative model, productive matrix, South Korean success, innovation, socioeconomic condition.Which is the best model of an educational system to Ecuador considering the socioeconomic context of the country? Since its foundation Ecuador has been considered an exporter of raw material to the after-school(prenominal)(a) market. The constant and unexpected changes on international prize of raw materials, as well as also the increasing difference front to the price of products of higher(prenominal) value added and high technology have placed to the Ecuadorian economy in an unequal exchange un der changes in the international market.According to SENPLADES (2012), the direction in which a society organize itself to produce certain goods and operate is not limited only to strictly technical or economic process. It is cogitate with the whole set of interactions between different social actors that uses resources that have to their disposal to carry out productive activities. This whole set including products, productive process, and social relations resulting of these process is called productive matrix. The current productive matrix has been one of the mainly limiting factor to economy and society of Ecuador. Overcome its structure and currently variant must be therefore one of the priority objective of Ecuadorian society.Ecuador is a small country and does not have a huge bill of natural resources. In consequence eventually the natural resources of Ecuador will run off. Therefore in order to survive Ecuador must change its productive matrix. From extractivist economic model to a model based on gentle resources, education, scholarship, and technology. One of the most important axis of the productive matrix to be achieved is education. Ecuadorian educational system must change the traditional model to an innovative and creative model, focused on providing solutions to the current problems of the Ecuadorian economy and community.According to world(prenominal) financial Fund (2012) right away Ecuador has a volume of exports of goods and services of 2.17 and a value of oil exports of 11.36 billions of dollars instead South Korea, a country with one of the best educational systems and with an industry of knowledge, science, and technology, has a volume of export of goods and services of 10.455 and a value of oil exports of 0. Ecuador is currently a country with an economy strongly based on export of raw material mainly oil and its gross national income is 97,059.21 dollars. In melodic phrase South Korea is a country with an economy based on know ledge, science, and technology has a gross national income of 1,388,988.42. South Korea percentage income from exportation of goods and services is equal to Ecuador percentage of incomes from export of oil. The most part of GNI of South Korea comes from manufacturing and services in contrast the most part of GNI of Ecuador comes from export raw material.As a result of the development of an innovative and technologic industry the economy of South Korea is nowadays one of higher growth in the world. In contrast Ecuadorian economy does not show significant growth and even exist return in periods. As a result of an economy extractivist Ecuador is not growing and in order to improve its economy the country must change their productive matrix from educative system. Ecuador must stablish an educative system comparable with educative system of South Korea in order to develop the only one an industry and economy successful to tiny nations and without natural resources. Industry, economy, an d society of Ecuador must have a model of educational system according to their needs.According to The Economist intelligence activity Unit (2014) the best educative system comes from countries with less natural resources than Ecuador South Korea, Japan, Singapore and others. The success of education of these countries is the importance given by their society. According to Clark and commonalty (2009) the success of Korean education is mainly attributed to significant parental investment in after-school classes and other forms of private or additional tuition outside of the public school system. Education in South Korea is a very important topic in its culture. This country is an excellent country to compare and contrast with Ecuador because fifty years ago South Korea was a very poor country mainly agricultural and without science and technology. With correct government politics and with a very strong nationalism and culture of preparation and overcome. South Korea nowadays is bet ween largest high-income economies. South Korea has an enormous investment in education leading the country from mass illiteracy to a major international technological nation. According to International Monetary Fund this country had one of the worlds hurrying growing.Ecuadorian economy is weak and strongly dependent on natural resources and on exploitation of them. This added to lack of interest of study has forced a society unwell academically correctd. Therefore Ecuador has a poor industry. There is no a high prepared human talent capable to develop an industry of science and technology. The economy of Ecuador is the result of a set of causes mainly related with an inexistent culture of preparation, education, and investigation. Ecuador must transform the patron of specialization of economy in order to create new ways of generation, distribution, and redistribution of richness. Therefore decreasing the vulnerability of Ecuadorian economy and creating an industry of high techn ology. Currently educational model of Ecuador is not providing the required human talent to develop an industry of high added value, goods, and services. Education in Ecuador is lack of quality as a result of the low interest among people to prepare themselves. New model educational system of Ecuador must supply the needs of industry increasing the quality of education focused to issues that are critical to the country development. Equally important creating a culture of nationalism, preparation and improvement of each one and the whole country. In order to develop the country and change the productive matrix.Education must be innovative. According to Aguion et al. (2001) the innovation makes intensive use of highly amend workers while imitation relies more on combining tangible neat with less educated labor. Ecuador in order to develop an innovative industry eventually will need highly educated workers. Presently Ecuador does not have the human resources to stablish an innovativ e industry in consequence the country must resort to imitation. Ecuador has physical capital sufficient and a less educated labor. Ecuador must currently follow a patron of imitation of successful models of the world and eventually the country will have the needed human capital to begin to develop its industry and innovate.In conclusion education is the fundamental basis for a society and must be accord it. Ecuador educative system must be reconstructed in order to improve the economy, society, and industry. There are models of successful educative system that were establish in other countries with a socio-economic context similar to currently one of Ecuador. These educational systems were establish with correct government politics creating an attractive and quality model to students. As a result the interest among people on education has increased. As a result of a success educative model, countries like South Korea nowadays have important economies and present high growth rates.Ec uador is strongly dependent on its natural resources but eventually the country will run off of natural resources and if until these date the productive matrix has not been changed the country will be impoverished and country economy will suffer a very important decrease. The country needs an educational system according to its socioeconomic conditions, considering currently failures and giving creative and innovative solutions in order to improve the society.ReferencesAghion, Boustan, Hoxby, Vandenbussche. (2009, March). The Causal Impact of Education on Economic Growth Evidence from U.S.Clark, N., Park, H. (2013, June 1). Education in South Korea. World Education News Reviews.Hanushek, E. A., Wmann, L. (2007). Education Quality and Economic Growth.International Monetary Fund. (2012, April). World Economic Outlook DatabaseSENPLADES. (2012). Transformacin de la Matriz Productiva

Leadership in the Virgin Group

Leadership in the new sort outIn the past 20 years Richard Branson had extend his utter(a) disgrace from one business of a pickup called student to distinct businesses similar airline, trains, mobile phone, broadband, cola, b unlooseal wear, financial services, retail chain, jeans, cars, and books. Branson started with a magazine with name of Student when he was 16 years age in January 1968. He was victorful in selling its 50,000 copies at that time. (virgin, 2011) Later he preferably the withdraw and seduce it a fulltime job. In 1970 he started a mail-order political party with name of virgin that was name which now grow today in a big business empire.Virgin now a day is fast expanding business in world in numerous sectors from airline to broadband services. It is considered as worlds most respected and leading brand. Sir Richard Branson started what started in 1970 it is now a success empire of multi-businesses. It is dealing with 300 brands, more than 50000 employees and 11.5 Billion Pounds business currently. (virgin, 2011) In this watch we be going to see how things are being managed at leaders levels by Richard Branson and his team for virgin grouping and how it is leading towards success of business. This report foc pulmonary tuberculosiss on finding such theories, feignings of leadership that sack up be learned from virgin to put these for success of opposite organizations we will in any case find how Sir Richard Branson is dealing his receive way to this group and how he is making progress in his business.In this study we will see the progress made by Virgin and afterward we will make analysis of approach adopt by Virgin and other in same indus humble. We will also fancy at Sir Richard Branson leadership style and will try to find some suggestion of improvement for Virgin in future times at end of our study.Virgin success ModelVirgin downstairs Sir Richard Branson claims that they are difference maker in the world. For that th ey are trying to innovation in their slipway to demoralize higher(prenominal) in competitive advantages and in their conversion. They introduce virgin as a brand that stands for quality, innovation, competitive challenge, fun and value for customers money. They ingest expert research and analysis system of rules that help them in starting anything new. They claim that they put same shoe of customers to walk on the street of purchasing and utilizing things before going into a start. (Bartholomeusz, 2011) They mesh as trend setter in the market rather than being just fol overthrows.They deeply focus on their competitors approach and then develop a strategy that comes with better results. They make sure they are adding some values to any brand. They focus on risk and rewards. They are really much discriminating and careful in appointing their faculty and management team. They even for Human resources went into joint-ventures with other companies to get maximum inputs and kno wledge from skilled market.They have diverse approach with diversity in their products and services with bunch of variety in it. They are very much concern about their market and ways into that market. All this is lead by Sir Richard Branson. The power of virgin is hiding with leadership style of Richard Branson who is good in his ways and style. His reputation, net prevail, partners and management brought him to this level as it mentioned on their by keep company itself. They got rid of bureaucratic ways of management and replaced it with competent self motivated management that is capable of dealing with situation their selves most the times sooner looking for directions upwardly all time as it is in every bureaucratic structure. They work as team as family even within their businesses and within the group of this brand virgin. There are some time certain problems for that their system provides a solution based leadership and at the top is Richard himself working like a good skilled leader and manager. Everything they try is customer feedback based and makes right guidelines for them every time when they miss something.Here is list of business under this group (virgin, 2011) -Virgin Atlantic Airways, hello GorgeousVirgin Blue (airline with its name as Virgin Blue, Virgin America, V Australia)Virgin Holidays ( Virgin Holidays + Hip Hotels, Virgin Holidays Cruises, Virgin Limited Edition, Virgin Vacations, Blue Holidays)Lifestyle (Virgin Active UK)Virgin Wines (Australia)Virgin Active (Australia, Italia, Portugal, South Africa, Spain)Virgin Experience DaysVirgin rushVirgin TrophyVirgin Mobile (Australia, Canada, France, India, Qtels, South Africa, UK and USA)Virgin MediaVirgin ProducedVirgin Money ( UK, Australia, South Africa, Money Giving)Virgin Earth ChallengeVirgin Green FundVirgin Unite (NGO)Virgin Megastore (music and entertainment)Virgin Radio InternationalVirgin FestivalsWe burn down see how diverse market virgin have to deal under leadership of Richard Branson. This sympathetic of divers, spread and wide business required higher levels of leadership with commitments to deal with it effectively that Richard is doing over the years.Leadership in any Organization has some specific focal point on administrative leadership as whole in that organization and it tries to fill the prisonbreak of academic management theoretical study and its practical implication on bases of real life situations.Here we will find what kind of approaches, theories and models are in practice with in leadership supposition in business world.There are numbers of models and theories in leadership study, here are some of these mentioned under (associates, 2011) -Appreciative InquiryAttributes of attention ExcellenceAttribution systemBases of Social PowerBeyond BudgetingCentralization and Decentralization change over ApproachesChange BehaviourChange EquationChange ManagementChange PhasesChanging Organization CulturesCharismatic LeadershipCoachingComp eting Values FrameworkContingency TheoryCore Group TheoryCrisis ManagementCultural DimensionsCultural IntelligenceCulture LevelsDimensions of ChangeDimensions of Relational WorkEmotional IntelligenceEPIC ADVISERSERG TheoryExpectancy TheoryFive DisciplinesForce Field AnalysisForget Borrow LearnFramingFunctional LeadershipGroupthinkGrowth PhasesHagberg Model of Personal Power hierarchy of NeedsInspirational LeadershipInstrumental Approach of Stakeholder TheoryIntrinsic Stakeholder CommitmentLeadership ContinuumLeadership PipelineLeadership StylesLeadership StylesLevel 5 LeadershipLeveraged Buy-outLevers of ControlManagement Buy-outManagement by ObjectivesManagerial GridManaging for ValueMentoringMoral PurposeNormative Approach of Stakeholder TheoryOODA Loop transcriptional ConfigurationsOrganization ChartPAEI management rolesParenting AdvantageParenting StylesParticipative LeadershipPath-GoalPerformance PrismPortfolio AnalysisPOSDCORBPositive DevianceRACI (RASCI)Result Oriented Manage mentResults-Based LeadershipSECI modelServant-LeadershipSeven HabitsSeven Signs Of Ethical CollapseSeven SurprisesSituational LeadershipSMARTSocial IntelligenceSpiral DynamicsStakeholder Value PerspectiveStrategic driftStrategic Stakeholder ManagementHence we will look some good models and theories among all above for that we select deuce-ace which are more comprehensive in their approach.Part One (a)1 Theory of Needs by David McClellandThe human motivation is comprises of three important implys1 need for bring home the baconment2 need for power3 need for affiliation.This theory of needs was given by American psychologist David McClelland based on work of Henry Murray that was done in 1938. In 1961 he stated that the motivation of an individual can result from three dominant needs the Need for Achievement, Power and Affiliation. (Pattanayak, 2005)Every somebody wants to achieve certain goals in his or her life that are very important to that person in the life. Some time they l ook for success and positive feedback from others. They look to widen themselves and to void risks situations. They mostly try to avoid low-risk because they want to attained success easily. While in some high-risk projects all achievers look the solution as chance not the as a result for their efforts. They love to work their selves alone or some time with some other person with high acts.McClelland believes about these slew that those are always the best leaders with some tendency of higher demands from their staff. They are result driven in their approach. They desire higher personal relations and look for acceptance from others. They also tend look same kind of norms from their work group. They struggle to create and maintain relationships with higher level of trust and good mutual understanding. They always prefer cooperation on competition. According to McClelland they perform in customer service and dealing clients very puff up.McClellands this concept is also take as A cquired Needs Theory, the Learned Needs Theory, and tether Needs Theory.2 Management by Objectives (SMART) by DruckerIn this theory main focus is on defining main objectives for organisations employees and later directing their carrying out check to these objectives. Peter Drucker presents it in his work The practice of Management as Management by Objectives in 1954. (Hurd, 2008)Management by objectives relies on focusing and defining the objectives for every employee and making their performance according to these objectives. The major aim is to increase performance in the organization through matching organizations goals and employees goals. Employees are given main identity and acknowledgement in this system. Purpose is to involve evry one in the organisation rather than focusing and giving importance to top managers. This way all mangers start from their levels and they later contribute on top level in cooking and implementations.Principles of MBO-1 flow of organizations go als and objectives2 Specific objectives for every member3 Participation in conclusiveness making4 Explicit time hitch5 timely performance evaluations with proper feedback.Management by Objectives is having a method for development called SMART method this SAMRT is taken from* Specific* Measurable* possible* RealisticAnd* Time-related.This method of checking MOB is effective to keep organisation and staff on right direction always.3 Centralization and DecentralizationBy ever-changing the ways of decision making at authority levels and by corresponding organizations structure effectively higher goals can be achieved. All organizations have to make many strategic and many of the operational decisions. The question is who makes these decisions and at what level. In normal bureaucratic structure decision are always made by top management. Thus this system holds the time and makes slow of process and sometimes delays the required decisions. This is called centralisation and in Decentra lisations thing is decided at implementations level other than any change required in policy which is changed at top management levels this makes things done in swift way. (Pride, 2009)ThusCentralization is process of transferring and passing on decision making authority at higher levels of hierarchy in organization.In a centralized organization decision are made at higher levels.Most the knowledge and information about organisation lie at top levels and are shared according o need at lower level.Decentralization, is process of transferring and passing on decision making authority at levels of hierarchy in organisation.In a decentralized organization decision are made at lower levels and they are informed to higher levels for records.Most the knowledge and information about organisation lie at lower levels and are shared according to need at top level also direction are taken when those are required.Part one (b) murder of models at Virgin and othersBranson believed in the best commu nication through setting an example by the leadership. Staffs need to have a role model whom they can follow. Branson being a reel from traditional management structure and systems adopted a diverse approach that compromising all three models mentioned in our study previously.We will look into these at virgin by Branson and at other businesses in same industry like Sir Terry Leahy ways in managing of Tesco and Keith Rupert Murdoch of chuck out group one by one.Theory of NeedsAs mentioned above this theory is based on three main needs of need for achievement, need for power and need for affiliation.Richard Branson as young man was searching for all these and thus he focused on achieving these targets as soon as possible. For that offer he started his magazine student. With early sales he generated lots of business and set virgin company. Later years he expanded it in diverse business, looking for these set targets of needs. He also made his company according to this principal of hu man needs and set a trusted mechanism for every employee in virgin business.As mentioned by David McClelland he creates a higher level of the motivation for an individual in his organisation to bring results from the satisfaction of these three dominant needs the Need for Achievement, Power and Affiliation. He knows well that every person wants to achieve certain goals in his or her life that those are very important to them. That also need support from organisation to give room to everyone to show capabilities and get rewards, thats what virgin follows as a strategy in their businesses. He like McClelland believes that pack have great capabilities if they are given proper training and chance to put their efforts in it. That is resin virgin have this kind of set up that supports these basics.On other hand if we see the TESCO and Sky they have different approach their business than what Richard brought to Virgin. (Telegraph, 2011) They have more askew work over things their unifi ed ways are not fit into need based theory but they have adopted some other ways to groom their corporate business. That reason that TESCO and Sky look more tight business in their terms and they sometime re hit by losses. When staff dont feels part of being into teams and they feel just as working brains and hands unlike the sight who work at Virgin who look the Virgin as their life part due to its benefits that it is giving to them.2 Management by ObjectivesAt virgin this model is followed completely as organisation focuses on its objectives and makes employees get their targets set accordingly. They have to adjust things both way first company tries to accommodate employees objective and makes such corporate strategy that helps staff in achievement of their objective s and policies are supportive to employees in their growth. While employees are also expected to go with the broader objective s of company and be loyal to the company objective.It is in many studies that virgin ha ving higher level of such loyalty from staff. Virgin ensures that thither is enough support for employees identity and acknowledgement in their system. Purpose is to involve everyone in the organisation rather than focusing and giving importance to top managers. This way all mangers start from their levels and they later contribute on top level in planning and implementations.Virgin follows all principles of MBO like flow of organizations goals and objectives at all levels is ensured, there is set of specific objectives for every member, there is higher level of participation in decision making by staff, There is certain time span for targets and everything is based on time and feedbacks.Virgin also makes policies and targets based on SMART approach. Making all targets and objectives Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-related.If we comparing this with TESCO and Sky they also have this approach in their business and they try to keep them on this way of management b y objectives. (mandmgloba, 2011) All three companies are doing well on it but it is fact that the way Virgin is following this rule is different from others two and they are doing remrably well in their performance compare to others two. Other two have huge investments supports but still if we compare the returns over investments Virgin is making ahead. While this approach of Management by objective is adopted by all these mega businesses in their strategy of dealing things in their business.3 Centralization and DecentralizationThere is beautiful balance of centralisation and decentralisation at Virgins Group this was attained through by changing their ways of decision making at authority levels and by corresponding organizations structure effectively higher goals can be achieved. All decisions are made according to need and capacities. There is more freedom at lower levels in Virgin as Virgin leadership believes in human potential. Thus they avoid unnecessary delays in decision at implementation levels. On the other hand the concept of centralisation in TESCO (Hiscott, 2010) and at Sky is more tight than Virgin. Their decentralisation approach is some time affected by the ways of decentralisation for short times. They were failing to develop such kind of trust over their managers that the staffs of Virgin enjoy. The team building and degree of freedom for performance according to your skills is very high at Virgins comparing to TESCO and Sky. Both are facing good competition in their related product and services with Virgins. As three of them are into media, mobile industry and service providing in different sectors.Part twainSir Richard Branson leadership style.If we deeply study the style of Mr Branson he is a dynamic leader that always looks higher towards major goals in life. For that he adopts couple methods likeTheory of needs, MOB and equilibrate centralisation and decentralisation. He more focuses on brand value of his company. He has very simple wa ys of living, he believes in enjoying life and sharing it with others. He is man of his own choices he choose what he liked instead of looking into his background on that business and he made success. He always bucking his team on different occasions as he wants them feels that he is with them in all matters. He has developed a culture at Virgins that cannot be found in many organisations. All employees of Virgin are invited to show and perform their capabilities. He is innovative person with many qualities of leadership in business that reason his company is expanding over the years. HE has invested his own rule for all this and put all his efforts as success that way. He is able to identify many hurdles and made much better than his compotators. He has given his employees great independence in work as he also welcomed them for fast promotions over the time. He has idea that anyone can took over the top in his company if they show such kind of commitments.Virgins all success in day s of 1970s and 1980s is result of Bransons unusual way and management style that was corner stone on all this business and his corporate norms were different form the system that was existing at that time. He stopped wearing traditional businessmen suit and tie instead he use to wear a sweater and slacks. He uses technologies effectively compare to other and enjoy his holidays and dealing everything on phone, fax and internet. He gives his subordinates more freedom to work their tasks. He believes everyone wants to deal with top person so he provides his managers to deal with him directly. He gives his staff high performance incentives and he relies on his team. He also adopted a technique through which he have divided his company tasks into multi unit operations. His companies are connected with each other very well and some time supports each other.Most important is that he always encouraged to his employees go and do some innovation and take more risks instead of being in fear wi th failure risks. He is famous for his risk taking ability and habit. He normally emphasise on the importance that a service should bring for customers for the value of their money. He is skilled with troubleshooting and making new projects. His motto is to create such companies only in which he himself believes.Part ThreeProposals for developmentVirgin group have their own ways of developing people it is the best way for them to carry things as Mr Branson himself was doing. As he can himself aware fully that every individual unlike his educational background have such capabilities that can make businesses grow remarkably. There should be a system of skill promotion based on theory of needs for the staff. It should more focus on hidden capabilities of people who are working in Virgin and those are trying to attain higher professional success though their hidden skills. There should be culture of responsibility in the company where people do feel their own responsibility instead of e very time supervisors are making them to perform their duty. This thing can be brought when people feel trust by the supervisors to make decisions and do things on their own within certain limited that is secure.The group is already doing well by providing people innovative ways to show their skills while they are working with the company. There should be continue system of need based development and a balanced central and de-central approach. Things for Virgin unlike other business are very much bright as they have diversity if businesses.As Branson believed in line up his company HR department with the values of company he is more conscious about his brand value. He also makes smart decisions when picking people for any task as if they have same bend of mind that is company value it would be easier for them to do best in their job.Virgin has a diverse approach so they dont have any set traits for any person to become employee at Virgins. However they use to select people who are ready to take responsibility in their own and can work hard. Main focus they always have is aligning with customers need and wants. Thus company has created its value in the business and market and made his brand as symbol of success and trust.